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• 基金项目：

• 陈静生
• 北京大学地理系

• 郭怀成
• 北京大学地理系

• 摘要：为研究我国北方城市地区地下水硬度升高的机理,我们除进行现场调查和室内模拟试验研究外,还根据有关化学原理对调查中所得的典型资料进行了理论计算.下列计算有助于说明盐污染物和可生物降解的有机污染物对碳酸盐沉积物地区下水硬度升高的影响.

• Abstract：In recent years, it has been noted that as the cities expand, the ground water hardness rises obviously in some of the areas of sediments containing carbonates. It is made clear that rise of ground water hardness is not the result of direct pollution by pollutants Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺. Actually it is so because of the chemical reaction between the pollutants (degradabie organic compounds, acids, bases and salts) contained in the industrial wastewater,domestic sewage, and city garbage on one hand, and the carbonate-containing soils and deposits which constitute the environmental background on the other. This process is called geochemical effect of the pollutants.Under the influence of CO₂ produced through the degradation of organic pollutants, the "acid decomposition" and "salt effect" incurred by the pollutants, the carbonate minerals are dissolved, and the comparatively high concentration of Na ion in the wastewater exchanges with the ex-changable Ca and Mg ions in soils. In this way, temporary hardness of the ground water is increased, and the permannent hardness enhanced likewise.

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