研究论文
汪安璞,黄衍初,马慈光,王庆广,杨淑兰,刘怀全,李民,刘静宜.北京地区大气飘尘的化学特性[J].环境科学学报,1981,1(3):220-233
北京地区大气飘尘的化学特性
- CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRBORNE PARTICLES IN BEIJING AREA
- 摘要:选择北京地区7—9个采样点(五个功能区),用大容量采样器按季定期采集飘尘样品(103个)。用x射线荧光、x射线衍射、原子吸收、等离子体发射光谱等方法分析了飘尘中21种元素,并鉴定了α-SiO2(α-石英)和CaCO3(方解石)的物相。用元素相对浓度(x/Fe或x/Si)和富集因子(EF地壳以Fe为参比元素)进行了数据处理与分析,阐明了北京大气飘尘的化学特性以及不同地区、不同季节的差异与变化。根据分析结果认为,北京地区飘尘中的主要化学组分大都来源于自然界风砂或土壤;在飘尘中富集最高的元素S、Zn、Pb等可能主要来自人为污染源。估算了飘尘中风砂所占比例约为33%、硫酸根约为6%。
- Abstract:103 samples of airborne particles were collected at 9 different sites in Beijing area by using Hi-volume air sampler and analyzed for 21 elements by x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectrometry and ICP. In some of the samples phase analysis of α-SiO2 and CaCO3 was done by X-ray diffraction method.Variability was found in relative elemental concentrations (x/Fe or/and x/Si) at different sites. Enrichment factors of various elements normalized to Fe relative to crustal abundance for the airborne particles indicated that most of the elements came from resuspension of soil particulates by wind. It was also found that elements S, Zn, Pb and Cu showed higher enrichment in the suspended particles relative to crustal soil. It might be thought of being caused by pollution.The percent contributions of soil and sulphates to suspended particles were calculated to be roughly 33 % and 6 % respectively.
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