• 关键词：

• 基金项目：

• 凌波
• 中国医学科学院卫生研究所

• 王占生
• 清华大学

• 陶葆楷
• 清华大学

• 摘要：氯是世界上应用最广泛的饮用水消毒剂,但是它杀灭病毒的能力较差,消毒过程中还可能形成有毒的氯化有机物。本研究认为臭氧灭活病毒的作用迅速、浓度低、效率高,副作用较小,经臭氧消毒后的水无色、无臭、无三卤甲烷等有毒副产物。 二氧化氯也可以用作饮用水消毒剂。使用二氧化氯消毒产生的三卤甲烷要比氯消毒少得多;同时,二氧化氯不与水中常有的氨作用,形成消毒能力较差的氯氨。本研究表明,在大多数的饮用水pH范围内,二氧化氯是一种比氯性能良好的消毒剂。因此,臭氧和二氧化氯可以代替氯,单独地或与氯结合用于水的消毒。

• Abstract：Chlorine has been the most widely used disinfecting agent for water, long use of which uncovers its problems of relatively low effectiveness as a virucide and formation of potentially toxic compounds (THM) during course of chlorination. In solving these problems, it is found possible to use a new kind of disinfectant-ozone or chlorine dioxide in the place of chlorine.Experiments so far done indicate that ozone proves to possess a much stronger virucidal power. It acts more quickly at lower concentrations under certain condition and has less side effects shown in taste, oder as well as toxic by-products characteristic of chlorine usage.Chlorine dioxide is suggested on the other hand as one of the disinfectants for the reasons that it forms fewer trihalogeneted methanes (THM) than chlorine and does not react with ammonia commonly found in water to form the less effective chloramines. Our study shows that chlorine dioxide is an excellent disinfectant even when compared with chlorine, especially at a pH of most drinking water.Therefore, ozone or chlorine oxide may soon find their way into water and wastewater treatment used, alone or in combination with chlorine.

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