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• 基金项目：

• 贺锡勤
• 中国科学院水生生物研究所

• 李兴福
• 中国科学院水生生物研究所

• 尹伊伟
• 中国科学院水生生物研究所

• 唐辉远
• 中国科学院水生生物研究所

• 张甫英
• 中国科学院水生生物研究所

• 郭际元
• 中国科学院水生生物研究所

• 黄浩明
• 吉林省水产科学研究所

• 王永明
• 吉林省水产科学研究所

• 摘要：为评价水污染对鱼类毒性影响和制订图们江渔业水质标准,于1977年8—11月和1979年6—7月在室内进行废水对鱼类急性和亚急性毒性试验,在野外进行鱼类胚胎和幼鱼的现场监测。同时,对鱼类区系分布、渔业资源和鱼体残毒分别作了调查和测定。 结果表明:上游铁矿废水破坏鱼类产卵场,减少鱼类食料生物种群;中游纸浆废水影响鱼类存活和回游;下游化工废水使鱼有异味,影响食用。 纸浆废水是主要污染源之一,对马苏大麻哈幼鱼96hr半致死浓度为5.6—11%。亚急性毒性以血液指标最为敏感,阈反应值为0.32%。引起鱼回避反应和对鳃组织产生危害的阈值为1%。 据此,提出保护图们江主要经济鱼类存活,生长和产卵回游的水质标准为:pH6.5—8.5:COD20mg/l;BOD₅5mg/l,冰封期3mg/l;DO>6mg/l(24hr内和16hr以上),≮4mg/l(任何时候);悬浮固体10mg/l;木质素2mg/l;酚0.005mg/l;氰化物0.02mg/l;砷0.1mg/l;铬1.0mg/l。

• Abstract：In order to evaluate toxicological effects on fish and water quality criteria for protection of fishery resources in polluted Tumen River, studies were made on acute and subacute effect of river water on cherry salmon juveniles in the laboratory and by field monitoring on embryos and juveniles 'in situ'. Fish fauna, fishery resources, as well as toxic residues in fish have also been surveyed and determined.Results show that industrial effluents cause various deleterious effects on fish. Discharges from iron ore dressing destroy the fish spawning ground and decrease population of food organisms along upper reaches. Pulp mill effluents adversely affect survival and migration of fish in middle reaches. Chemical industrial effluents cause noxious smell in fish body from lower reaches.Pulp mill effluent has always been thought one of the main pollution sources of Tumen River. TLm(96 hours) to cherry salmon was 5.6-11% by volume. Haemological parameters were found the most sensitive to subacute toxicity. Threshold values were 0.32%. Threshold values for fish avoidance behaviour and damage to gill tissue structure were 1%.Based on these results, water quality criteria for.protecting fish survival, growth and spawning migration in Tumen River should be:pH 6.5-8.5; COD 20 mg/1;BOD₅ 5mg/1,freezing period 3 mg/1; dissolved oxygen over 16 hours and in 24 hours higher than 6mg/1 and not lower than 4 mg/1; suspended solid 10 mg/1; lignin 2 mg/1; phenol 0.005mg/1; cyanide 0.02 mg/1; arsenic 0.1mg/1; chromium 1.0mg/1.

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