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• 基金项目：

• 孙安强
• 北京市环境保护科学研究所

• 张忠祥
• 北京市环境保护科学研究所

• 摘要：通过对三种有机磷杀虫剂(杀螟松、甲基1605、乐果)废水生物处理模拟试验和微生物呼吸耗氧特性试验,表明三者均可被微生物降解;三者对未驯化活性污泥微生物的生长有一定抑制作用,但对驯化培养后的微生物菌群的生长、代谢有促进作用。有机磷杀虫剂的浓度,pH值,菌种培养条件等因素对微生物菌群的生态演替和有机物的去除效果都能产生影响。

• Abstract：It is required that properties of organophosphorus (O. P.) pesticides in wastewater be studied in order to enhance its treatment efficiency and estimate the behaviour in environment. On the basis of their structure and biological toxicity, Fenitrothion, Parathion Methyl (Methyl Niran) andDimethoate were selected for particular study.Influence of the insecticides on microbial respiration metabolism of the activated sludge, the ecosystem and the kinetics of biodegradation were studied in a biological treatment simulation test (flask test) and a coulometry test (for measuring oxygen demand of microorganism). The results werediscussed, and conclusion reached as follows:1. All these three O. P. insecticides are biodegradable and biodegradation rates are 17.6-62%, 9.6-46% and 21.7-30.9% respectively. The insecticide-contg. wastewater can be effectively treated by using biologicalprocess.2. When concentration of the insecticides stands from 25 to 550mg/l, growth of unacclimatized microoganism may be inhibited and higher O. P. concentration shows more obvious inhibition. However, growth and metabolism of the acclimatized microorganisms are facilitated by the insecticides. It reflects in increasing oxygen demand of microorganisms and higher removal rates of BOD5 to 6-24%. But influence on microorganisms isn't quite the same.3. The microbial growth, the ecological transformation of population and the removal rates of organic substances are all effected by concentration of the insecticides, pH and the culture conditions of seeds.4. Raising pH and temperature are favourable to biodegradation of organic substances. Removal rates of Fenitrothion and Parithion Methyl and of BOD5 are higher at pH 9.0 than at pH 7.0 with an increase of 9-28% and 7-11% respectively. When, temperature is elevated from 20℃ to 26℃, removal rate of BOD5 increases 6-15%.5. No protozoa was observed under microscope. It has been shown that bacteria (possibly including some fungi) played a major role in degradation of O. P. insecticides and removal of BOD5 in the tests.6. Degradation of the insecticides was found to be difficult under sterile and photophobic conditions.

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