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• 基金项目：

• 赵振华
• 北京市环境保护科学研究所

• 张湘桥
• 北京市环境保护科学研究所

• 许征帆
• 北京市环境保护科学研究所

• 何大为
• 北京市环境保护科学研究所

• 摘要：对北京地区几个点的大气飘尘样品中的有机污染物进行了分离(分成六个组分)、分析(脂肪烷烃及多环芳烃),并对各组分进行Ames试验(TA98菌株,加与不加S₉)研究其致突变活性.试验结果: 需代谢活化的致突变物集中存在于多环芳烃和吲哚与咔唑类的氮杂环化合物;直接致突变物集中存在于有极性的和醚溶性化合物;致突变活性与所用的剂量在实验范围内呈线性关系,但并不总与样品中的BaP含量相关.

• Abstract：A combination of chemical and biological approachs has been shown in the present study of a rapid and effective way for detecting potential carcinogens and mutagens in complex environmental samples.The organic crude was extracted from airborne particulates with mixture of benzene and methanol (4: 1) and then fractionated into six fractions (F₁-F₆) with silica gel column chromatography. Mutagenic activity of the extracts was evaluated with Ames Salmonella/manmalian microsome assay.The strain TA98 was used in all experiments as basis. The results showed that various samples all had mutagenic activities with or without S₈ activation. Their mutagenic effects exhibited a linear dose response relationship from 100-600μg, but not with BaP content in samples.Mutagenic activity of the six fractions was different. Mutagens with S₉ activation were always found in F₂ and F₃, while direct mutagens were found in F₄ and F₅. Results of spot tests showed that direct mutagens were diffusible in culture medium. By means of GC/MS the chemical components of fractions were both qualitatively and quantitatively analysed, to obtain aliphatics in F₁, polyaromatics (PAH) in F₂, and phthalate esters in F₄. In F₂, 14 PAHs were identified, as phenanthrene, fluoranthene pyrene, benzo (b)fluorene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo (a)-pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, dibenzoanthracene, indeno (1,2,3cd) pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene and coronene. In the same F₂, mutagenic activities with S₆ activation were correlated with contents of PAHs. It has been demonstrated with Ames test that direct mutagens in F₄ were not due to phthalate esters, but to some other unknown compounds. Both chemical analysis and mutagenic effects were discussed together too.

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