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• 基金项目：

• 张壬午
• 农牧渔业部环境保护科研监测站

• 李治祥
• 农牧渔业部环境保护科研监测站

• 白清云
• 农牧渔业部环境保护科研监测站

• 蔡道基
• 城乡建设环境保护部南京环境保护研究所

• 摘要：本文论述使用标准化的人工土壤测定农药对蚯蚓的急性毒性的方法.实验结果证明,适用于测定农药对蚯蚓毒性的人工土壤组成为:石英砂830g/kg(干重,下同)、草炭100g/kg、膨润土50g/kg、碳酸钙10g/kg、马粪10g/kg.利用人工土壤测定久效磷、多菌灵、呋喃丹、林丹及甲基对硫磷对蚯蚓(Eiseniafoetida)的毒性.其半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别是:0.18、4.27、12.9、70.85、74.52ppm.经用三种不同类型的自然土壤(东北黑土、华北褐土、江西红壤)及人工土壤测定呋喃丹对蚯蚓的毒性后,证实呋喃丹在人工土壤中对蚯蚓的半数致死浓度(12.9ppm)处于三种自然土壤的LC₅₀值(褐土6.9ppm、红壤12.7ppm、黑土19.2ppm)之间,表明人工土壤具有一定的代表性,用人工土壤进行农药对蚯蚓的毒性研究是可行的.

• Abstract：A simple procedure for assaying acute toxicity of several kinds of pesticides in earthworms (Eisenia foetida) exposed to a standardized artificial soil is presented. It is demonstrated that the artificial soil being composed of nonsterile quartz sand (830 g/kg), peat(100g/kg), bentonite (50g/ kg), calcium carbonate (10g/kg), and horse manure (10g/kg) is available for determining the acute toxicity. The 14 day LC50 values of monocrotophos, carbendazol, carofuran, lindan and parathion methyl are 0.18,4.27,12.9, 70.85 and 74.52ppm, respectively, after determination of the acute toxicity of these pesticides in the worms in the artificial soil. Significant correlation between mortality rate of the worms and the dosage of pesticides was observed. It was also discovered that acute toxicity of carbofuran to the worms in the artificial soil was in the middle in view of LC50 values of the insecticides in three natural soils in China and the artificial soil. It was shown that the standardized artificial soil used in this test was both representative and available for evaluating acute toxicity of pesticides in earthworms.

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