研究论文
周淑贞,吴林.上海下垫面温度与城市热岛——气象卫星在城市气候研究中的应用之一[J].环境科学学报,1987,7(3):261-268
上海下垫面温度与城市热岛——气象卫星在城市气候研究中的应用之一
- SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND OF SHANGHAI
- 摘要：应用美国Tiros-N卫星资料对上海地区下垫面温度分析的结果表明,在晴天城市下垫面温度均高于郊区。城市内部下垫面温度差异则与人口密度,建筑物密度、工厂密集区以及黄浦江、苏州河水域温度特征有关。 通过对接近同步的卫星下垫面温度资料与实测气温资料的对比分析,发现白天城市下垫面增温速率比郊区快,而气温的增温率相差不大。因此白天当下垫面温度热岛十分显著时,气温热岛并不一定显著,甚至完全不存在。但与此同时,白天城市下垫面的增温引起的能量下传和储存却为夜间城市热岛的形成奠定了能量基础。这部分能量在日落以后,以长波辐射湍流热交换等形式提供给城市大气,部分地补偿了由于大气长波辐射而损失的能量,使城市气温下降缓慢,相对于降温较快的郊区来说,便形成了城市热岛。
- Abstract：By analyzing the satellite Trios-N AVHRR infrared imagery of Shanghai district, it was found that the surface temperature of the urban area varies with a variety of factors and is always higher than that of the rural in fine days. During cloudless day time the urban surface temperature increases more rapidly than that of the rural area surface temperature does, but the difference of the increasing rate of air temperature between urban and rural areas is insignificant. After the sunset the surface heat storage releases its energy to urban atmosphere through long-wave radiation and turbulent exchange, thus creating nocturnal urban atmospheric heat island.
- Key words：urban heat island surface temperature long-wave radiation turbulent exchange urban atmosphere.
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