研究论文
张朝生,章申,张立成,王立军.长江水系河流沉积物重金属元素含量的计算方法研究[J].环境科学学报,1995,15(3):257-264
长江水系河流沉积物重金属元素含量的计算方法研究
- CALCULATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER SYSTEM
- 张朝生
- 中国科学院地理研究所化学地理室,北京100101
- 章申
- 中国科学院地理研究所化学地理室,北京100101
- 张立成
- 中国科学院地理研究所化学地理室,北京100101
- 王立军
- 中国科学院地理研究所化学地理室,北京100101
- 摘要:采用长江水系约260个背景样点沉积物原样和小于63μm细粒沉积物中11种重金属元素(铜、铅、锌、镉、汞、钴、镍、砷、铬、锰和铁)含量的数据,研究了数据的频率分布特征和变异系数,比较了算术均值、几何均值和中位数与由Box-Cox变换而得到的对称均值间的大小关系。结果表明,大多数重金属元素含量服从对数正态分布;采用算术均值表示均值会有较大的偏差,且这种偏差随变异系数的增大而增大;采用中位数偏差较小,但效率低;采用几何均值偏差也较小,在数据服从对数正态分布条件下可以使用,但不是最优;而采用对称均值来表示均值,由于分布的对称性,而最具有代表性,本研究采用稳健统计与Box-Cox变换相结合的方法,得到稳健对称均值,并采用此法表示长江水系河流沉积物中重金属元素含量的均值。
- Abstract:Contents of 11 heavy metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,Co,Ni,As,Cr,Mn and Fe)inthe sediments of the Changjiang River system were used for background contents calcula-tion. About 260 locations were selected,for sampling of both raw sediments and the finegrained parts(<63 μm)。The frequency distribution and coeffieients of variation(Cv)werecalculated。Several methods were used and compared to calculate mean contents. Contentsof most heavy metals follow log-normal distribuiton,Geometrical means generated relativelysmall biases for log-normally distributed data,but it is not optimal. Symmetric means,based on Box-Cox transformation,are strongly recommended.In this study,a combinationof robust statistics and Box-Cox transformation were used to produce robust-symmetricmeans. The robust-symmetric means for heavy metal contents in sediments of theChangjiang River system are the following(in ppm):fot raw sediments,Cu 21.5,Pb21.4,Zn73.6,Cd0.148, Hg0.034,Co12.1, Ni26.4, As7.6,Cr52.3,Mn589,andFe 2.94 (%);and for the fine grained parts(<63 μm),Cu 27.0,Pb 26.1,Zn 85.9, Cd0.227,Hg 0.039,Co 13.8,Ni 29.1,As9.0,Cr 57.1,Mn 673,and Fe 3.31(%).
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