• 关键词：酸雨  砂浆  腐蚀  危害

• 基金项目：

• 谢绍东
• 哈尔滨工业大学应用化学系, 哈尔滨 150006

• 周定
• 哈尔滨工业大学应用化学系, 哈尔滨 150006

• 岳奇贤
• 哈尔滨工业大学应用化学系, 哈尔滨 150006

• 刘惠玲
• 哈尔滨工业大学应用化学系, 哈尔滨 150006

• 摘要：建立了周期浸泡和喷淋两种加速腐蚀试验方法，并分别研究pH为5.6、3.5和pH为1.0, SO₂^-4分别为0、0.06、0.10、0.20mol/L等6种模拟酸雨对砂浆的影响。研究表明：砂浆受蚀后强度降低，其下降程度与材料中CaO和SO₃/CaO的比值成二元线性关系；酸雨中H⁺的侵蚀将使材料中CaO、MgO、Al₂O³和Fe₂O₃组分流失，H⁺和SO₂^-4的协同作用，使材料中SO₃/CaO的比值增大；材料强度大幅度降低的根本原因，是受蚀后原[CaNa][SiAl]₄O₈、KAlSi₃O₈、0.62NaAlSi₂O₈·0.38CaAl₂等物质逐渐消失，而转化成CaSO₄·2H₂O、CaAl₂Si₂O₈、Ca-Fe-Al-S-Si-O, 甚至体积更大的Ca₃Al₆O₁2·CaSO₄, 从而导致材料空隙率增加、孔径分布不均匀。

• Abstract：Influence of simulated acid rain of different acidity and SO₂₊-4 concentration on sand lime slurry was examined by using two erosion accelerating methods (periodical immersion and periodical spraying). It was found that the strength of sand lime slurry reduces by the erosion, and the reduction is a bilinear function of CaO content and the ratio of SO₃ to CaO in the eroded test samples. The erosion effect of H⁺ results in the loss of CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ in sand lime slurry. The coordinate erosion of H⁺ and SO₂₊- 4 causes to increase in the ratio of SO₃ to CaO. The main reason for significant decrease in sand lime slurry strength is that the crystal structures such as 408, KAl₂Si₂O₈ and 0.62NaAl₂SiO₈·0.38CaAl₂ transform to CaSO₄·2H₂O, CaAl₂Si₂O₈, Ca-Fe-Al-S-Si-O, and even more voluminous Ca₃Al₆O₁₂ ·CaSO₄ as the result of erosion, leading to an increase in porosity and bad pore size distribution. Therefore, the main cause of erosion of sand lime slurry by acid rain is dissolving erosion by H⁺ and expanding erosion by SO₂₊- 4.

• Key words：acid rain  sand lime slurry  erosion  damage.

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