• 关键词：重金属  大麦  有丝分裂指数  染色体畸变  核仁，银染技术

• 基金项目：山西省自然科学基金

• 张义贤
• 山西大学生命科学系, 太原 030006

• 摘要：研究了6种重金属（Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺）对大麦幼苗生长及根尖细胞遗传学毒害作用。结果表明，随着重金属浓度的增加和处理时间的延长，大麦种子的萌发率、根生长速率和有丝分裂指数下降。1×10^-2mol/L的Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺处理24h后完全抑制了细

• Abstract：The toxic effects of six heavy metals (Hg²⁺ , Cd²⁺ , Pb²⁺ , Ni²⁺ , Cu²⁺ , Zn²⁺ ) at different concentrations on H ordeum vulgare seedlings were studied. The results indicated that the percentage of seed germination rate of root growth and mitotic index decreased progressively with the increasing of concentrations of heavy metals and treatment durations. After 24 h treatment with 1×10^-2 mol/L Hg²⁺ , Cd²⁺ , and Pb²⁺ , cell division was completely inhibited by Hg²⁺ , Cd²⁺ , Pb²⁺ . The total frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by Hg²⁺ , Cd²⁺ , Pb²⁺ was higher than that of Ni²⁺ , Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ . After the treatment with Hg²⁺ , Cd⁺² , Pb²⁺ at concentrations of 5×10^-3 —5×10^-4 mol/L for 24 h and Ni²⁺ at same concentration for 48 h, the nucleolus was disintegrated and forming a large amount of nucleolar particles which go into the cytoplasm from the cell nucleus. But after the treatment with Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ , the nucleous was not affected. The order of six heavy metals on cytogenetical toxical effects is Hg²⁺ >Cd²⁺ >Pb²⁺ >Ni²⁺ >Cu²⁺ >Zn²⁺ . The possible mechanism of poisoning of heavy metals on plant cells was also discussed.

• Key words：heavy metals  hordeum vulgare  mitotic index  chromosomal aberrations  nucleolus  silver staining.

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