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研究论文

Relationship between water quality changes in the Yangtze,Yellow and Songhua Rivers and the economic development in the river basins

摘要：对我国“水文年鉴”上所载长江、黄河和松花江自50年代末至80年代中期所有站点的水化学监测数据进行统计分析,发现,在此时段内,就天然水主要离子成分而言,长江、黄河和松花江表现出各自独特的水质变化趋势。对其成因和机理进行了探讨,认为长江中上游水质的酸化趋势起因于该地区不断增长的燃煤硫排放所引起的严重酸沉降过程和不断增加的农田流失氮肥的氧化成酸过程。松花江水质的碱化趋势主要与黑龙江省造纸废水排放和大量引用重碳酸钠型地下水灌溉农田有关。黄河中游水质的浓化趋势与天然径流量的减少以及流域农田用水量的大大增加有关。灌溉水在田间发生蒸发浓缩作用和加强对土壤的淋洗作用,导致农田回水,进而导致河水离子浓度升高。

Abstract：The water quality data of the Yangtze,Yellow and Songhua Rivers from the late 1950's to the middle 1980's were analyzed.The results showed that each river had its own trend of change in view of the major ion content.The water was acidified in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River,which was caused by serious acid deposition due to the increasing sulfur emission from coal combustion as well as the oxidation of increasing nitrogenous fertilizer run-off from farmland.The water quality alkalization occurred in the Songhus River,which resulted from the development of papermaking and farmland irrigation with groundwater of the sodium bicarbonate type in Heilongjiang Province.The ion concentration trend happened in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,which could be related to the increasing of irrigation.The total ion content of the river water increased due to the concentration of irrigation water in the farmland and it's washing effect on the soils.