• 关键词：NO3-N淋失  土壤溶液提取器  原状土柱渗漏计  硝态氮淋失量

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金重大项目(39790100)资助

• 黄满湘
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

• 章申
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

• 张国梁
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

• 摘要：从1998-2000年, 利用土壤溶液提取器和大型原状土柱渗漏装置(面积0.18m², 2m深)田间观测了北京地区冬小麦夏玉米轮作期间的NO₃^--N淋失.设置对照和常量氮肥水平两个处理.土柱渗出液的NO₃^--N平均浓度, 对照处理为35.0mgL, 常量施氮土柱为55.6mgL;NO₃^--N淋失通量, 对照处理为1.3g(m²·a), 常量施氮土柱为2.0g(m²·a);氮肥表观淋失百分数分别为10%、0.86%和0.54%, 受年降雨变化的影响非常明显.常量氮肥施用条件下0—200cm土壤提取液和土柱底部渗出液的NO₃^--N浓度, 都超过饮用水卫生标准10mgL, 因此, 常量施氮水平引起的硝态氮对浅层地下水的污染不容忽视.

• Abstract：An array of porous cup samplers and two large undisturbed soil column drained lysimeters (0.18m² surface area, 2m deep) were used to examine NO₃^- leaching from 1998 to 2000. The field experiment was designed to study NO₃^- losses from continuously, fertilized (at a rate corresponding to 240kg(N)·ha^-1) winter wheat/summer maize rotation in Beijing area. The average flow-weighted leachate concentrations of three years were in range of 35.0 and 55.6mg(NO₃^--N)·L^-1 for the non-fertilized soil column and the fertilized N soil column respectively. The average masses of NO₃^--N leached of three years were 1.3 and 2.0g/m² for the non-fertilized soil column and the fertilized N soil column respectively. The loss percentages of N fertilizer applied were 10% and 0.86% and 0.54% in 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively, which were significantly controlled by precipitation. Application of N fertilizer resulted in excessive nitrate N leaching, and the solution and leachate, exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10mg/L.

• Key words：nitrate leaching  porous cup sampler  drained lysimeter of undisturbed soil column  nitrate-N flux

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