• 关键词：污泥  生物沥滤  硫杆菌  重金属形态  重金属

• 基金项目：

• 华玉妹
• 浙江大学环境工程系,杭州 310029

• 陈英旭
• 浙江大学环境工程系,杭州 310029

• 摘要：筛选污泥生物沥滤中硫杆菌混合菌液的最佳接种量,并对生物沥滤的重金属形态变化和酸化过程等进行探讨.结果表明,采用2%接种量时,污泥中Cu⁺ Cu²⁺,Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺可在4～6d达到与高接种量相同的沥出效率,沥出率分别为96 5%,41 4%和82 9%.Cu⁺ Cu²⁺从污泥中的沥出主要是通过直接机制由硫化物转变为交换态,Pb2+的沥出主要是由直接机制和间接机制的共同作用将碳酸盐结合态和硫化物结合态转变为交换态,而大部分Zn²⁺通过间接机制由有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态沥出.污泥在硫杆菌的产酸作用下,pH值呈下降趋势,最终稳定在1.6左右.另外分析了沥滤液中NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N变化以说明生物沥滤过程中污泥细胞的水解情况.

• Abstract：The selection of optimum inoculum for bioleaching of sludge was carried out, and the mechanisms of transformation of heavy metals and biological acidification during bioleaching were also investigated. The results showed that higher bioleaching efficiencies of 96.5%, 41.4% and 82.9% for Cu⁺/Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ respectively from sludge with 2% or more inoculum could be achieved during 4～6d. For Cu⁺/Cu²⁺, bioleaching was controlled by the transformation of sulfide to exchangeable forms. Pb²⁺ was leached due to transformation of carbonate precipitated and organically bound by the combination of direct and indirect mechanism. The indirect mechanism played predominant role in the bioleaching of Zn²⁺ for most of the carbonate precipitated and organically bound forms transformed to exchangeable ones. The pH of sludge was about 1.6 at the end of the process under the acidification role of Thiobacillus. In addition, the variation of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N in leachate was discussed to clarify the hydrolysis of sludge cells during bioleaching.

• Key words：municipal sludge  bioleaching  Thiobacillus  chemical forms  heavy metals

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