大气环境
何凌燕,胡敏,黄晓锋,张远航.北京大气气溶胶PM2.5中的有机示踪化合物[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(1):23-29
北京大气气溶胶PM2.5中的有机示踪化合物
- Determination of organic molecular tracers in PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Beijing
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(20131160731;20177002;30230310);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2001AA641060)
- 作者
- 单位
- 何凌燕
- 1. 北京大学环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室, 北京大学环境学院, 北京 100871; 2. 北京大学深圳研究生院, 深圳 518055
- 胡敏
- 北京大学环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室, 北京大学环境学院, 北京 100871
- 黄晓锋
- 北京大学环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室, 北京大学环境学院, 北京 100871
- 张远航
- 北京大学环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室, 北京大学环境学院, 北京 100871
- 摘要：有机示踪化合物是大气污染源排放的特征化合物,是各类污染源排放的指示物种,在污染源识别和利用受体模型进行源解析中起着关键作用.本文研究采用衍生化预处理和GCMS分析技术,对北京2002003年夏、秋、冬3个季节大气PM2.5样品中几类有机示踪化合物进行了定量检测,其中包括生物质燃烧源示踪物———左旋葡聚糖和β谷甾醇,肉类烹饪等餐饮源示踪物———胆甾醇、化石燃料燃烧源示踪物———17α(H),21β(H)藿烷类化合物,它们在北京各季大气中平均浓度分别为33.9ng·m-3～116.7ng·m-3,1.8ng·m-3～10.7ng·m-3,0.17ng·m-3～9ng·m-3,5.0ng·m-3～13.8ng·m-3.它们的季节变化规律还表明,生物质燃烧源和燃煤源分别在秋季和冬季对北京大气PM2.5污染有突出贡献.同时,还定性地检测到其它一些可能作为源示踪物的有机化合物,如甾烷类化合物,脱氢松香酸和邻苯二甲酸,值得今后深入研究.
- Abstract：Organic molecular tracers are indicators of specific atmospheric pollution sources, and play the key role in using receptor models to apportion contributions of different emission sources. 25 PM2.5 samples were collected from the urban atmosphere in Beijing in three seasons, namely summer, autumn and winter, from 2002 to 2003. And they were analyzed quantitatively by derivatization and GC/MStechnique for some important organic tracer compounds, including levoglucosan and β-sitoscrol for biomass burning, cholesterol for cooking emission and 17α(H),21β(H)-hopanes for fossil fuel combustion. The seasonal average concentrations of levoglucosan, β-sitoscrol, cholesterol and 17α(H),21β(H)-hopanes in Beijing were 33.9 ng·m-3～16.7 ng·m-3,1.8 ng·m-3～0.7 ng·m-3,0.17 (ng·m-3).9 ng·m-3 and 5.0 ng·m-3～3.8 ng·m-3, respectively. Their seasonal variations and molecular distributions indicate that biomass burning and coal combustion contribute significantly to fine particles in urban atmosphere of Beijing in autumn and winter, respectively. Especially, the concentration levels of 17α(H),21β(H)-hopanes in Beijing are far higher than that in USA, indicating severe air pollution from fossil fuel combustion here. In addition, a few possible organic tracer compounds were also detected qualitatively in the PM2.5 samples of Beijing, such as steranes for fossil fuel combustion, dehydroabietic acid for wood combustion and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid for secondary organic compounds. Further research on these organic tracer compounds is worthy of carrying out.
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