• 关键词：枝孢属  粒径分布  对数正态分布  中值直径

• 基金项目：中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX3SW424)

• 方治国
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 欧阳志云
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 胡利锋
• 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室, 北京 100085; 2. 湖南农业大学生物安全与科技学院, 长沙 410128

• 王效科
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 林学强
• 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室, 北京 100085

• 摘要：研究了北京市夏季空气真菌的群落结构和分布特征.结果表明,空气真菌优势菌属依次为枝孢属(Cladosporium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、无孢菌(non-sporulatingmycelia)、青霉属(Penicillium)和曲霉属(Aspergillus),其中枝孢属浓度占总浓度的47.2%,出现频率为10.0%,是绝对的优势真菌属.在不同的功能区,文教区枝孢属最多,占53.5%,交通干线青霉属和链格孢属最多,分别占7.2%和24.3%.公园绿地无孢菌占31.7%,明显多于文教区和交通干线,不同的环境条件能够改变空气真菌类群的浓度.公园绿地和文教区空气真菌总浓度明显高于普通干线(P<001).空气真菌的粒子径主要分布在1.0～6.0μm,约占总数的70%,呈对数正态分布.公园绿地空气真菌中值直径大于交通干线和文教区,分别为2.50μm,2.37μm和2.04μm.

• Abstract：Airborne fungi, which are among the most common organisms in nature, are thought to be fundamental biological components in urban ecosystems and have a direct relationship with ecological processes and many life phenomena in nature. However, it was reported that they exhibited correlations with air pollution and were proposed as a cause of the adverse health effects. Large surveys showed that increasing levels of particle in air pollution had been associated with the reduction of lung function, and the increase of respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and asthma attack, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. Moreover, greening and fancy vegetable in urban would be polluted because of the pathogens in the atmosphere. And metal materials of basic construct and exact instruments of scientific research could also be eroded by airborne microbes So it was important for theoretically and practically finding out concentration characteristic and size distribution of airborne fungi in urban the control of urban microbe contamination and disease spread, the improvement of environmental quality, and urban planning or management to understand the community structure. The community structure and distribution characteristic of airborne fungi was investigated in details in Beijing. The results showed that the most frequently isolated fungal genus were Cladosporium, Alternaria, non-sporulating mycelia, Penicillium and Aspergillus. Cladosporium was the dominant genus absolutely, which accounted for 47.2% of the total concentration. In different regions, it was significantly different of no-sporulating mycelia between garden greenbelt and culture and education region or main traffic line, which were accounting for 31.7%, 14.2% and 16.9% respectively (P<0.01). The fungus concentration of the main traffic line was significant lower than that of garden greenbelt or culture and education region. With regarding to size distribution, airborne fungi was mostly collected in F₃, F₄ and F₅ (1.0～6.0 μm), contributing 70% of the total, and its size appeared normal logarithm distribution. The median diameters of airborne fungi in culture and education region, main traffic line and garden green area were 2.04 μm, 2.37 μm and 2.50 μm respectively.

• Key words：Cladosporium  size distribution  normal logarithm distribution  median diameter

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