• 关键词：生态基流量  整合计算模型  河流

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50239020);国家技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2003AA601010)

• 刘静玲
• 北京师范大学环境学院Π水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 杨志峰
• 1. 北京师范大学环境学院Π水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875; 2. 水沙科学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 肖芳
• 北京师范大学环境学院Π水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 孙涛
• 北京师范大学环境学院Π水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 摘要：针对北方地区流域水域生态系统人工化明显和河流断流的现状,提出了河流生态基流量的概念,并分析了其内涵.河流生态基流量包括河道生态基流量、河口生态基流量和湿地生态基流量.河流生态基流量计算应考虑流域内不同水系、不同河段生态环境的差异性和时空变化规律.通过改进生态环境需水量的计算方法,分析河流的空间结构特征、各河段的相互关系以及流域的水文特征,提出了整合计算模型.整合计算模型分为2类:不同水系和同一水系的整合.同一水系整合计算模型又分为:河流生态基流量整合模型、河流与湿地生态基流量的整合以及河道生态基流量的整合模型.其中最为复杂的河道生态基流量的整合模型共分为6种形式:简单式、汇流式、分流式、组合式、交叉式和河口式.研究结果表明:各子系统的生态基流量是河流生态基流量整合计算的基础;河流生态基流量保证系数是计算的重要参数,其值在确定基数的基础上,通过恢复模式和空间优化配置这2个影响因子进行调整而得到,取值范围为[0,1];整合计算模型需要明确消耗性生态基流量和非消耗性生态基流量,消耗性生态基流量不受保证系数的影响,非消耗性生态基流量因保证系数取值的不同而变化.

• Abstract：Aimed at the conspicuous artificiality of water ecosystems and seasonal disconnection of river in northern China, the concept and meaning of river ecological basic flow are advanced. It includes that the ecological basic flow of river channels, estuaries and wetlands. The differences of reaches and river systems as well as temporal and spatial characters in the environment should be considered in the calculation of river ecological basic flow. Conformity calculation models are advanced through improving calculational methods of environmental water demand, and analyzing the spatial structure characteristics of rivers, correlation among all reaches and hydrologic characteristics of river basin. The models are made of different river systems and identical those. The models of identical river system include that rivers conformity、integration of rivers and wetlands, as well as river channel conformity. River channel conformity is the most complex mode,in which there are six types including simple type, confluent type, distributary type, combination type, cross type and estuary type. The study indicates that the calculation of river ecological basic flow must be based on the every subsystem of river ecosystem. On the basis of radix, the ensuring coefficient which is the important parameter in calculation could be adjusted by two factors including resume mode and optimal allocation of space, and the scale is[0,1] . Consumptive and non-consumptive use of water must be calculated separately. When the numerical value of certified coefficient alters, the consumptive use of water is constant, non-consumptive use of water is not changed.

• Key words：Ecological basic flows  Conformity Calculation Models  River

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