环境污染治理技术及原理
谭卓英,刘文静,赵星光,蔡美峰.生态型抑尘剂的选择与实验模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(5):675-680
生态型抑尘剂的选择与实验模拟研究
- Selection principle and experimental simulation of ecotype dust suppressor
- 基金项目：国家科技攻关计划重大项目(No.2004BA615A18)
- 作者
- 单位
- 谭卓英
- 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院, 北京 100083
- 刘文静
- 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100083
- 赵星光
- 广西大学资源与环境学院, 南宁 530004
- 蔡美峰
- 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院, 北京 100083
- 摘要：根据露天矿汽车运输土质路面扬尘的发生机理,从环境本底条件出发,建立了粘结、凝并、吸湿、保水等抑尘因子的选择原则,确定了抑尘因子并对其进行了粘度、吸湿、高温抗蒸发及研磨抗辗压等实验模拟,在露天矿主要运输道路和放矿平台进行了应用结果表明,由可溶性淀粉、硅酸钠和丙三醇组成的抑尘剂,粘度可达510 mpa·s,粉尘的饱和吸剂率达到4.%,恒高温(45℃)下单位面积的蒸发速率为0.3kg·m-2·h-1,抗蒸发时间达5.17h,具有强的粘结、凝并、吸湿、保水、抗高温和固结路面等性能,而且吸附性强,当一次喷洒量为0.5～1.0L·m-2时,可有效抑尘5 d.
- Abstract：Based on the environmental background of open pit, and mechanism of dust forming on automobile soil pavement, the selection principle of dust suppressive factors such as adhesion, agglomeration and moisture absorption is established. The dust suppressive factors are selected, and a series of experimental simulations are carried out to test viscosity, hygroscopic capacity, anti-evaporability under a high constant temperature (45℃) and the anti-jarring performance by milling. Further, the industrial application is implemented in both dominant conveyance pavement and ore bunker platform in the open pit. The results show that the dust suppressor, which is composed of dissoluble starch, sodium silicate as well as glycerol, possesses the viscosity of 510mPa·s, the saturated suppressor-absorbing capacity of 64.6% and evaporation rate per unit area of 0.3kg·m-2·h-1 under the above temperature as well as lasting anti-evaporation time of 65.17h. It is provided with high performances of adhesive effect, agglomeration, moisture absorption, anti-evaporation as well as road surface solidification. Besides, it has a strong adsorptive capacity, and its effective dust-suppressing time reaches 5 days when the amount of spraying is 0.5～1.0L·m-2.
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