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生态环境问题研究

Studies on water resource requirement for eco-environmental use of the Baiyangdian Wetland

摘要：采用生态水位法对白洋淀湿地生态环境需水量进行了计算.该方法主要是从湿地的水文条件出发,通过对其长序列的水文资料分析,得出该湿地较适宜的水文条件,然后再与生态环境状况进行对照分析,从而得出湿地的理想和最小生态环境需水量.通过计算,得出白洋淀湿地的最小生态水位系数是0.94,理想生态水位系数大于1.10.由此,进一步计算出生态水位和生态环境需水量,该生态水位系数也为其它类似湿地提供了生态水位计算标准.白洋淀全年的月平均最小生态环境需水量为0.87×10⁸m³,理想生态环境需水量为2.78×10⁸m³.计算结果表明,湿地生态环境需水量夏季最大,冬季最小,符合季节气候水文条件变化规律;从实践角度看,其生态水的配置是可行的.同时,该方法可为国内其它湿地的生态环境需水计算提供参考.

Abstract：The method of ecological water level is used to estimate water resource requirement for eco-environmental use. The method is based on the wetland hydrological characters. Baiyangdian wetland is located in the middle of the North China plain. With the change of natural climate, the development in agriculture, industry and urbanization, and the construction of the water conservancy engineering, the wetland hydrological characters have a great change, which, in turn, influence the biotic components and the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem. Especially since 1980, it has dried up several years continuously, so the wetland ecosystem has been destroyed badly. The method of ecological water level which emphasizes the ecosystem adapt to the hydrological conditions is used in Baiyangdian wetland. By calculating, the result shows the minimal ecological water level modulus is 0.94, and the perfect ecological water level modulus is more than 1.10. According to this, the ecological water level and quantity can be estimated. The minimal water resource requirement for eco-environmental use every month in average is 0.87×10⁸m³, the perfect water resource requirement for eco-environmental use is 2.78×10⁸m³.The results indicate that water resource requirement for eco-environmental use is most in summer and least in winter. It accords with the change rule of climate and hydrology, and can be used in practice.

Key words：ecological water level water resource requirement for eco-environmental use Baiyangdian wetland modulus