• 关键词：气温  堆体温度  模拟  小波分析  城市污泥  堆肥

• 基金项目：国家杰出青年基金项目(No.40325003);国家“863”计划课题(No.2004AA649190);北京市自然科学基金重点项目(No.05H169)

• 岳波
• 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101; 2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039

• 陈同斌
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 黄泽春
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 高定
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 郑国砥
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 刘斌
• 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101; 2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039

• 王莉霞
• 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101; 2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039

• 摘要：在静态垛堆肥过程中,气温的变化会对堆体温度造成影响,这对堆肥过程中的堆体温度控制具有重要意义.但迄今为止,对此问题仍缺乏研究.本文引入小波分析方法对气温和堆体温度数据进行去噪和压缩处理,提取出气温波动引起的堆体温度波动信号.然后对气温波动信号和堆体温度波动信号进行分周期拟合,获得一一对应的振幅和相位差.结果表明,对于强制通风静态垛堆肥,气温波动对堆体下层(75cm)的影响最大,最大值为0.186℃,最小值为0.132℃,平均值为0.159℃;对中层(50cm)的影响最小,但随着堆肥进程的持续有增大的趋势;对上层(25cm)影响的最大值为0.105℃,最小值为0.065℃,平均值为0.085℃.从相位差上看,堆体中层(50cm)的相位差始终最大,在堆肥的降温期呈现明显减小的趋势;上层(25cm)的相位差随着堆肥进程的持续有明显增大的趋势;下层(75cm)的相位差在整个堆肥进程中呈缓慢升高的趋势.通过影响强度和相位差综合分析发现,堆体上层物料和下层物料在热量散失过程中可能存在两种不同的热交换机制,即上层物料以稳态热传导和自然对流为主,而下层物料则以非稳态热对流为主.

• Abstract：During State pile composting process, the pile temperature can be affected by the ambient temperature, and it is very significant for the pile temperature controlling. But to date, there are lacks of investigations for this issue. The wavelet analysis method was introduced and applied to denoise and compress the ambient temperature data and the pile temperature data. The fluctuant signals of the ambient and pile temperature influenced by the ambient temperature were extracted through the mentioned process. In order to gain the amplitudes and phase differences in each period, the sine function model was used to fit the fluctuant signals. The results indicated that the temperature of the bottom layer (75 cm) was strongly influenced by the ambient temperature in the forced aeration static pile composting system, and the maximum, minimum and mean value of the influence intensities were 0.186℃, 0.132℃ and 0.159℃, respectively. The ambient temperature had a little effect on the temperature of the middle layer (50 cm). However, the effect intensities increased with the composting process prolonged. The maximum, minimum and mean value of the influence intensities of the top layer (25 cm) were 0.105℃, 0.065℃ and 0.085℃. At the aspect of phase-differences, the middle layer (50 cm) had the biggest phase-differences, which reduced obviously at the cooling phase. The phase-differences of the top layer (25 cm) were small, and had a distinctly increasing tendency during the whole experimental operation. However, the bottom layer (75 cm) had the slightly increasing phase-differences during the composting processing. Through comprehensive analysis of the influence intensities and phase-differences, it was implied that the heat loss process in the top layer and the bottom layer were likely to have two different ways, respectively. In other words, the steady heat conduction and natural convection were dominant in the top layer, whereas the non-steady convection was the principal heat loss way in the bottom layer.

• Key words：ambient temperature  composting  pile temperature  sewage sludge  simulation  wavelet analysis

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