• 关键词：二氧化硫  睾丸  脑  心  肾  超微结构  小鼠

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No30230310,20477023);山西省自然科学基金资助项目(No.20031092)

• 孟紫强
• 山西大学环境医学与毒理学研究所, 太原 030006

• 刘玉香
• 山西大学环境医学与毒理学研究所, 太原 030006

• 摘要：为了研究二氧化硫(SO₂)对小鼠脑、心、肾、睾丸超微结构的影响,以探讨其毒性作用的本质,对小鼠进行SO₂动态吸入染毒.设对照组及SO₂染毒组(28、56 mg·m^-3),取各组小鼠脑、心、肾、睾丸于电镜下观察.结果表明:(1)SO₂染毒组小鼠脑组织的部分神经元细胞和许多胶质细胞受损,可见胶质细胞核畸形、内质网扩张、线粒体肿胀,以及神经纤维发生髓鞘分离的现象,2种剂量未见明显差异.(2)SO₂染毒组小鼠心肌细胞的线粒体肿胀,肌原纤维结构紊乱,细胞核染色质有边集、团块状改变现象,血管内皮细胞肿胀,心肌闰盘扩张、松解;剂量较高的SO₂(56 mg·m^-3)染毒组小鼠,还可见到心肌纤维断裂、溶解,部分心肌细胞肌膜破裂,细胞器释出现象,并可观察到淋巴细胞浸润(3)SO₂染毒组小鼠肾近曲小管上皮细胞受损严重,肾小球和远曲小管上皮细胞也有一定程度的损伤,可见内质网扩张、线粒体肿胀现象;SO₂剂量为56 mg·m^-3的染毒组较剂量为28 mg·m^-3染毒组更为严重,可见肾小管上皮细胞嗜酸性变、线粒体空泡变现象.(4)SO₂染毒可引起小鼠睾丸的基膜、各级生精细胞、精子和支持细胞发生病理改变,可观察到线粒体肿胀、核膜不清、精细胞顶体脱落现象;SO₂剂量为56 mg·m^-3时比剂量为28 mg·m^-3时超微结构损伤严重,可见基膜破损、细胞器释出现象.本研究为SO₂是一种全身性有毒因子的观点提供了病理形态学证据.

• Abstract：To investigate systemic effects of sulfur dioxide inhalation on animals,ultrastructures of brains, hearts,kidneys and testicles were observed with electron microscopy after the mice exposed to SO₂ at 28.00±1.98 and 56.00±3.11 mg·m^-3. The results showed: (1) For brains, some of the cerebral cortex neurons,many glialcells and nerve fiber were damaged by SO₂; Nuclear aberrations, increase of endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial swellings caused by SO₂ exposure were observed in these cells; (2) For hearts, mitochondrial swellings, decreases or disappearances of mitochondria crista, myocardial myofibril disorders, various changes of nucleus and chromatin, intercalated disc dissociations, endothelium edema in heart tissues in both SO₂ exposed groups. In addition to above changes, myofibrillar fragmentation and dissolution, myocardial cell membrane breachage and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in SO₂ 56 mg·m^-3 group; (3) For kidneys, SO₂ exposure exerted serious lesions on ultrastructures in renal proximal tubular lining cells, meanwhile it damaged glomerulus and distal tubular lining cells; Increases of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial swellings were observed; The changes of 56mg·m^-3 SO₂ group were more serious than the 28mg·m^-3 group, decreases and disappearances of mitochondrial crista were found in 56mg·m^-3 SO₂ group;(4) For testicles, compared with control group, the basement membranes, various seminiferous cells, spermatozoa, sertoli cells of testicles were changed in both SO₂-exposed groups. The changes caused by SO₂ at 56 mg·m^-3 were more serious than the 28 mg·m^-3 SO₂ group. These results proved that SO₂ might cause ultrastructural changes in multiple organs from mice; it provided pathologic and morphologic evidences for our view that SO₂ was a systemictoxic agent.

• Key words：sulfur dioxide  brain  heart  kidney  testicle  ultrastructure  mice

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