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污染控制技术及原理

摘要：厌氧生物转盘系统中接种来自ASBR的厌氧污泥,在温度40～41℃、pH值为8.25～8.50和HRT为1.3d条件下连续运行142d,先后经历了以出水氨氮浓度略高于进水氨氮浓度为特征的污泥适应阶段、以氨氮小幅度去除为特征的厌氧氨氧化菌活性表现阶段及以氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮成比例并大幅度去除为特征的厌氧氨氧化菌活性提高阶段后,成功培养了厌氧氨氧化菌种,启动了反应.在进水氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮负荷均为0.051kg·m^-3·d^-1情况下,对二者的去除率分别达到了98.15%和99.56%.污泥的颜色也发生了由黑色→黄白色→棕红色→棕褐色等一系列的变化,通过显微镜镜检发现污泥中细菌主要是革兰氏阴性菌,有短杆状和球状,扫描电镜镜检发现颗粒污泥表面有球状菌的聚集体.

Abstract：ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation (ANAMMOX) is the simplest and most economical biological process for nitrogen removal, but it is difficult to cultivate the bacteria. After inoculation with anaerobic sludge from an Anaerobic Sludge Bioreactor (ASBR), the start-up experiment was successfully carried out in a rotating biological contactor after 142 days. Operating conditions were: temperature = 40～41℃, HRT = 1.3 d and pH 8.25～8.5. After going through three stages - a sludge adaptation stage characterized by negative ammonium efficiency; an activity manifesting stage characterized by slight ammonium efficiency and an activity improving stage characterized by simultaneous removal of ammonium and nitrite, 98.15% ammonium removal efficiency and 99.56% nitrite removal efficiency were achieved when both ammonium and nitrite influent loading were 0.051 kg·m^-3·d^-1. The color of the sludge changed from black to off-white, then red brown and eventually chocolate brown. Microscopic observations showed that the main bacteria in the sludge were rod-shaped and globular gram negative bacteria; and by scanning electron microscopy, some cocci were found gathered together on the surface of the granular sludge.