区域环境与生态
刘国卿,张干,金章东,李向东.太湖多环芳烃的历史沉积记录[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(6):981-986
太湖多环芳烃的历史沉积记录
- Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Taihu Lake
- 基金项目：国家"973"项目(No.2002CB412300,2003CB415002);中科院广州地化所领域前沿项目(No.GIGCX-04-07)
- 作者
- 单位
- 刘国卿
- 1. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 广州 510640; 2. 深圳大学核技术研究所, 深圳 518060
- 张干
- 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室, 广州 510640
- 金章东
- 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 南京 210008
- 李向东
- 香港理工大学土木与结构工程系, 香港九龙
- 摘要：通过分析测定太湖上、下2个典型湖湾(梅梁湾和东山胥口湾)沉积钻孔中多环芳烃的垂直分布和含量特征,结合210Pb定年,重建了该地区多环芳烃的历史沉积记录.研究发现,梅梁湾沉积物PAHs污染年代早并重于胥口湾,但两地PAHs污染类型基本相似.在剖面深度0～28cm范围内,梅梁湾和胥口湾多环芳烃的沉积通量范围分别为40～320ng·cm-2·a-1和13～150ng·cm-2·a-1.自上世纪40年代起,梅梁湾沉积物中的PAHs通量呈不断上升之势,近25年来增加更为迅速,可能源于太湖北部湖区乡镇工业的快速发展;而胥口湾的PAHs污染只在1990年之后才开始加重,并呈急剧增加之势态.太湖沉积物中的多环芳烃主要为热(燃烧)成因来源,沉积物中高环PAHs的比例呈递增趋势,流域内能源消耗和机动车尾气排放的增加是其主导因素.多环芳烃的沉积记录很好的反映了周边地区社会经济的发展变化,反映了人类活动与水环境污染状况之间的关系,提示经济发展过程中环境保护的相对滞后.
- Abstract：The concentrations and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the core sediments collected from the Taihu Lake. Sedimentary records of PAHs in this region were reconstructed using 210Pb activity profiles. Results indicated that Meiliang (ML) Bay was polluted more serious and earlier by PAHs than Xukou (XK) Bay. In the sediment profile (0～28cm), total PAHs fluxes in ML and XK Bay were range from 40 to 320 ng·cm-2·a-1 and from 13 to 150 ng·cm-2·a-1, respectively. In the ML Bay sediments, PAHs fluxes show a steady increase since the early 1940s, and a rapid increase in the last 25 years, largely due to the fast development of township industries in the northern part of the Taihu Lake. By comparison, the increase of PAHs fluxes in XK Bay was recorded after 1990s. PAHs in the Taihu Lake were mainly of pyrolytic origin. The proportion of high molecular weight PAHs showed sharp increase in the recent sediments, largely due to the rapid increase in energy consumption and diesel emission around Taihu region in recent years. There were good relationships between sedimentary PAHs concentration and the economic development around Taihu region, reflecting the effect of human activity to the aquatic environment, and the lag behind of environmental protection during economic development.
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