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区域环境与生态

Analyzing natural source apportionment of PM₁₀ based on the ratio of PM₁₀ to CO in Beijing

摘要：通过详细分析北京市大气污染物多年(2000～2004年)的连续监测数据,建立了一种简便易行的大气颗粒物源解析方法.根据PM₁₀与CO来源差异及不同时期PM₁₀/CO比值的变化,推导出大气颗粒物的自然源贡献率.通过研究PM₁₀、CO等大气污染物的年变化规律,发现PM₁₀与CO等气态污染物浓度具有一定线性关系,且该线性关系存在明显季节变化,自然源贡献较少的秋冬季节二者的线性关系较好,而沙尘影响较重的春季线性差.建立了理想条件下冬季PM₁₀/CO比值基准,并视其为城市人为源排放基准.冬季当PM₁₀/CO比值大于该基准时,可以认为PM₁₀有自然源贡献,比值越大,自然源贡献越多.根据冬季PM₁₀/CO基准值和整个冬季PM₁₀/CO比值变化情况,推算出2003年和2004年冬季自然源对PM₁₀平均贡献为19%～23%;应用相同方法得到夏季PM₁₀自然源平均贡献率为24%～28%;自然源年均贡献率为29%～35%,高于冬季和夏季,这主要是由于春季沙尘贡献量较大造成的.通过北京市大气污染物的源解析结果可以认为此方法准确有效.

Abstract：A simple method of natural source apportionment of PM₁₀ was built up, which based on monitoring data of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing from 2000 to 2004. Through study of annual variation of PM₁₀, CO and other gaseous pollutants, we found there was certain correlation between PM₁₀ and CO, this relationship was greatly influenced by seasonal variation and weather factors. In addition, the ratio of PM₁₀ to CO under ideal weather condition was acted as typical city human activity source emission datum norm. Based on typical PM₁₀/CO ratios obtained under ideal conditions, we deduced the natural contribution to PM₁₀. There was about 19%～23% contribution to PM₁₀ from the Earth's crust in winter, 24%～28% in summer. Due to strong dust storm in spring, natural source annual average apportionment of PM₁₀ was 29%～35%.