污染控制技术及原理
姚志良,马永亮,贺克斌,霍红,郭涛.宁波市实际道路下汽车排放特征的研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(8):1229-1234
宁波市实际道路下汽车排放特征的研究
- A study on the real-world vehicle emission characteristics in Ningbo
- 基金项目：宁波市政府资助项目
- 作者
- 单位
- 姚志良
- 清华大学环境科学与工程系, 北京 100084
- 马永亮
- 清华大学环境科学与工程系, 北京 100084
- 贺克斌
- 清华大学环境科学与工程系, 北京 100084
- 霍红
- 清华大学环境科学与工程系, 北京 100084
- 郭涛
- 清华大学环境科学与工程系, 北京 100084
- 摘要：采用一套车载尾气测试系统,对选取的6辆代表性车辆在宁波市实际道路行驶中的瞬时排放进行测试.该车载尾气测试系统可逐秒获取测试车辆在行驶过程中的排放、油耗、速度和位置等参数.根据测试结果,研究计算了6辆测试车辆的排放因子(g·km-1)和油耗(L·100km-1),并分析了汽车行驶特征对排放和油耗的影响.研究结果表明,落后技术(化油器)车辆的CO、HC和NOx分别是新技术(欧Ⅱ)车的7.9、15.5和2.4倍;汽车的CO和HC排放因子和百公里油耗随速度的增加而降低;怠速和变速对汽车排放和油耗有显著影响,变速行驶状态下,汽车CO、HC和NO排放因子,以及百公里油耗,分别是匀速行驶状态下的1.18～1.61、1.17～1.42、1.08～1.42和1.08～1.24倍.
- Abstract：Using a set of on-board vehicle emissions test system, 6 selected typical vehicles were tested on urban roads in Ningbo. This on-board emission test system can record emissions, fuel consumption and speed second by second. According to the test data, the emission factors of the 6 tested vehicles were calculated, and the influence of driving patterns and road types on the emissions were analyzed. The results show: the emission factors of CO(g·km-1), HC (g·km-1) and NOx (g·km-1) from the vehicles with older technology (carburetor) are 7.9, 15.5 and 2.4 times than those of the vehicles with newer technology (Euro Ⅱ) respectively; emission factors of CO(g·km-1), HC(g·km-1) and fuel consumption(L·100km-1) decrease with the increase of the speed. It is also found that idling, acceleration and deceleration have negative impact on emission factors and fuel consumption. The emission factors of CO (g·km-1), HC (g·km-1), NOx (g·km-1), and fuel consumption (L·100km-1) during acceleration and deceleration period are 1.18～1.61, 1.17～1.42, 1.08～1.42 and 1.08～1.24 times than those during cruise period respectively.
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