• 关键词：近海水质  时空分布  聚类分析  判别分析  逆距离加权法  香港

• 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973)(No.2005CB724205);国家留学基金资助研究生项目(No.2006100766)

• 周丰
• 北京大学环境学院 北京 100871

• 郝泽嘉
• 北京大学环境学院 北京 100871

• 郭怀成
• 北京大学环境学院 北京 100871

• 摘要：综合利用系统聚类分析、后退式判别分析和基于GIS平台的逆距离加权法开展了香港东部近海水质时空分布模式研究,案例为香港东部近海区域,数据为2000～2004年27个采样点4类15个水质指标.结果表明:①在时间尺度上,香港东部近海水质最佳分为1～5月和6～12月2组;在空间尺度上分为2组,分别对应于重度和轻度污染类型;②表征时间和空间差异性的显著性指标分别为Si、NH₄⁺-N、SD、DO、温度和TN、NH₄⁺-N、PO₄^--P、VSS;③显著性指标的时空差异性比较明显,其中空间尺度上第1组采样点(MM₁、TM₂～TM₄)的周边区域浓度显著高于第2组,同时,除了第1组周边区域之外,TN与PO₄^--P的空间分布基本相反,而NH₄⁺-N与VSS则比较相似;时间尺度上Si在6～12月的平均浓度明显高于1～5月,而NH₄⁺-N和SD则相反,此外,DO和温度两者的差异性显著负相关.基于上述结果,建议优化监测频次/采样点,同时需要加强8个显著性指标的监测,并且需要加强香港东部海岸陆源污染控制:吐露港和香港与深圳交界处重点削减点源和农田径流污染,而牛尾海水质管制区和赤门峡北部需要加强浴场休闲区和鱼类与贝类养殖区的环境管制.此研究可为香港近海水质监测和功能区划提供科学基础.

• Abstract：Various methods including Hierarchical cluster Analysis(CA),backward Discriminant Analysis(DA) and GIS-based Inverse Distance Weighting methods(IDW) were used to analyze data sets of marine water quality for 15 parameters monitored at 27 different sites of Eastern Hong Kong from 2000 to 2004 to determine temporal and spatial distribution patterns in marine water quality.The results demonstrated that: ①the monitoring periods were classified into 2 clusters(Jan-May,Jun-Dec) and the monitoring sites were partitioned into 2 groups which presented the highly and low polluted;②the temporally and spatially significant parameters were Si,NH₄⁺-N,SD,DO,temperature and TN,NH₄⁺-N,PO₄^--P,VSS;③the temporal and spatial variations were significant.The pollutant concentrations in the region around the 1st group were higher than those at other sites.The spatial distributions of TNand PO₄^--P were inversely related,while those of NH₄⁺-N and VSS were relatively similar except for the 1st group.The average concentration of Si in Jun-Dec was higher than that in Jan-May,but opposite of to that of NH₄⁺-N and SD.Additionally,the temporal variations of DO and temperature were significantly negatively correlated.It was necessary to optimize the monitoring frequency and monitoring sites and to improve the menitoring strategy of the eight significant parameters.Additionally,the control of terrestrial pollution in Eastern Hong Kong should be enhanced,especially point source and agricultural runoff pollution should be decreased in Tolo Harbour and the area between Hong Kong and Shenzhen while environmental management of bathing beaches and fish culture zones in Port Shelter and the north part of Tolo Channel should be reinforced.

• Key words：coastal water quality  temporal and spatial distribution  CA  PCA  IDW  Hong Kong

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