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Combined impact of ozone and simulated acid rain on gas exchange,growth and yield of field-grown winter wheat

摘要：为探明酸雨和臭氧(O₃)对作物是否存在复合影响,运用田间原位开顶气室研究了pH4.0模拟酸雨(SAR)和O₃对冬小麦气体交换、生长和产量的影响.该实验包括3种处理:CF处理采用经活性炭过滤后的空气,作为对照;CF100处理采用经活性炭过滤后的空气加入恒定浓度为100nL·L^-1 的O₃;CF100+SAR处理为在CF100的基础上对冬小麦喷施pH4.0模拟酸雨,喷施量为150mL·m^-2 ,每10d一次.结果表明:①CF100和CF100+SAR组冬小麦叶片细胞膜系统受到破坏,光合色素含量和气体交换参数降低,抑制了作物生长,导致生物量和产量下降.与CF相比,CF100和CF100+SAR处理下冬小麦产量分别降低了68.2%和63.6%;②与CF100组相比,CF100+SAR组对冬小麦细胞膜系统和叶绿素a含量产生显著的复合影响(p<0.05),而对叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量、气体交换、小麦生长、生物量和产量的复合影响不显著.

Abstract：In order to investigate a potential synergistic effect of elevated O₃ and acid rain on crop growth,gas exchange,growth and yield of winter wheat were examined under three treatment regimens: ①CF: control grown under activated charcoal filtered air;②CF100: charcoal filtered air + constant O₃ concentration of 100 nL·L^-1 and ③CF100+SAR: CF100 plus simulated acid rain(SAR) at pH 4.0. The results showed that CF100 and CF100+SAR increased relative electronic conductivity(REC) and malonyldialdehyde(MDA) content in winter wheat leaves,and reduced photosynthetic pigment contents,stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),water utilization efficiency(WUE) and photosynthetic rate(Pn).As a result,crop biomass and yield declined.In comparison to CF,yields of winter wheat exposed to CF100 and CF100+SAR decreased by 68.2% and 63.6%,respectively.Although CF100+SAR treatment manifested more damage to membrane permeability and chlorophyll a content of winter wheat than CF100 treatment,there was no significant difference in the combined effects of CF100 and CF100+SAR on chlorophyll b content,gas exchange parameters,aboveground biomass and yield.