特别选题
张远,郑丙辉,王西琴,胡成.辽河流域浑河、太子河生态需水量研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(6):937-943
辽河流域浑河、太子河生态需水量研究
- Study of ecological instream flow of the Hun River and Taizi River in Liao River Basin
- 基金项目：国家“十五”科技攻关计划项目(No.2003BA614A04)
- 作者
- 单位
- 张远
- 中国环境科学研究院河流与海岸带环境研究基地, 北京 100021
- 郑丙辉
- 中国环境科学研究院河流与海岸带环境研究基地, 北京 100021
- 王西琴
- 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872
- 胡成
- 辽宁省环境科学研究院, 沈阳 110031
- 摘要：针对浑河和太子河的鱼类栖息地环境需求,构建了由流速、水深、水面宽率、湿周率和过水面积率5个河道参数组成的栖息地适宜性指标体系.分别选择浑河的沈阳、邢家窝棚和太子河的辽阳、本溪和唐马寨5个河段,通过分析河道形态特征以及水位与流量的相关关系,建立了河道流量与每个栖息地指标间的经验关系公式,并确定指示鱼类在不同生活期的最小栖息地适宜标准,计算出为满足不同栖息地标准所需要维持的河道最小生态需水量,并采用最大值原则确定出各河段为满足鱼类生存的河道最小生态需水量.结果表明,浑河的最小生态流量4月～11月介于9.59～12.78m3·s-1,分别占年平均天然径流量的17.13%～23.72%,12月～3月为5.70m3·s-1,占天然径流量的10.59%;太子河的4月～11月介于9.83～19.83m3·s-1,占天然径流量的23.33%～37.01%,12～3月为3.84～6.47m3·s-1,占天然径流量的8.83%～9.82%.
- Abstract：Based on the optimal habitat requirement of fish in Hun River and Taizi River, five channel parameters which included flow rate, water depth, ratio of river width, ratio of wetted perimeter and ratio of transect area were selected as indicators to reflect the habitat suitability for fish. Shenyang, Xingjiawopeng, Liaoyang, Benxi and Tangmazhai hydrology stations were selected in the calculation of ecological water demands for the Hun River Taizi River, and the shape of river courses and relation between instream flow and water level were analyzed, and the experienced formula between instream flow and habitat indicators were established. The minimum criteria of these indicators for fish were established in different living season, and corresponding minimum ecological instream flows for sustaining different habitat indicator were calculated. Finally the comprehensive minimum ecological water requirement was determined by the maximum availability principle so that requirements of all habitat indicators can be met. The results show that the minimum ecological flow demand for the Hun River was about 9.59 ～12.78m3·s-1 from April to November, which is 17.13%～23.72% of natural runoff; and is about 5.70m3·s-1 during the period from December to March which accounts for 10.59% of natural runoff. The minimum ecological flow demands for the Taizi River is 9.83 ～19.83m3·s-1 from April to November,, which is 23.33%～37.01% of natural runoff; and is 3.84 ～6.47m3·s-1 for December to March which accounts for 8.83%～9.82% of natural runoff.
- Key words：Liao River Basin Hun River Taizi River instream flow ecological water requirement habitat fish
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