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Simulated rainfall experiments on soil and water erosion in different phases of resources exploitation in Shendong mine region

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(No.40271071);中国科学院黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目(No.10501-113,10501-165)

张丽萍
1. 浙江大学环境与资源学院, 土水资源与环境研究所, 杭州 310029; 2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌 712100

摘要：选择了神东矿区内坡度范围在30°～35°之间,弃土时间分别为2002～2003年、2000～2001年、1998～1999年、1996～1997年、1994～1995年、1992～1993年、1990～1991年以及原状土共计8个试验区进行强度为1.5和2.5mm·min^-1的土壤侵蚀模拟试验.经过数据处理,获得了16场降雨的累积产沙曲线;利用统计软件SPSS11.5进行因子分析,确定了影响土壤侵蚀的主要因子为弃土堆积时间和土壤的植被覆盖度.结果表明,不同阶段弃土具有明显不同的抗侵蚀能力;随着堆积时间的增加,弃土的植被覆盖度和抗侵蚀能力都有较明显的提高;弃土时间超过7a的地区植被和抗侵蚀能力都有较好的恢复,而堆积时间超过10a的弃土基本达到原状土土壤的抗侵蚀水平.

Abstract：Eight experimental plots, with slope scope between 30 and 35, in Shen-Dong mine region were selected to conduct simulated rainfall. The intensity of simulated rainfall was designed to be 1.5 and 2.5 mm·min^-1 respectively. These plots were accumulated with abandoned soils in the different years of 1990～1991, 1992～1993,1994～1995,1996～1997,1998～1999, 2000～2001,2002～2003 and the one primary soil. Sixteen curves of accumulating runoff silt content were acquired by processing data. With the help of factor analysis software of SPSS, the some main affecting factors of soil erosion were decided that they were the accumulating time of soil and the covering rate of vegetation. The results showed that the soils accumulated in different years had different anti-erosion capabilities, and with the increasing of accumulation time, the vegetation covering rate and anti-erosion ability were enhanced gradually. If the time of accumulated soils were over seven years, the vegetation and anti-erosion ability had well recovered, and the time of accumulated soils were over ten years, the vegetation and anti-erosion ability had recovered to be similar to primary soil.