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陈同斌,郑国砥,高定,岳波,刘斌,雷梅,杜伟,张军.关于《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》中锌限量值的讨论[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(7):1057-1065

Approach to limit of zinc in “China's National Standards of Sewage Sludge Applied to Agricultural Soils” (GB42842-84)

摘要：按照现行的《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB₄₂₈₄-84),锌超标问题是限制中国城市污泥农用的首要因素.从环境保护、土壤、植物营养、农业生产、人体营养及锌污染风险等角度综合分析了该标准中锌限量值的不合理性.中国的土壤普遍缺锌,是世界锌肥施用量最大的国家,人们在食品中也添加锌或用药物补锌;但中国现行的污泥农用标准中污染物控制对锌的控制过于严格,已成为城市污泥处理处置和资源化利用的羁绊,因此,该标准中关于锌的限量值应该重新修订.修订标准时,不仅要考虑土地利用类型,还需要考虑锌的土壤环境容量.

Abstract：According to China's National Standard of Sewage Sludge Applied to Agricultural Soils (GB4284-84), lots of sewage sludge cannot be applied to lands because the unreasonable limitation of zinc concentration for sewage sludge. And the control leads to much difficulty in disposal of sewage sludge and even in the general operation of wastewater (sewage) treatment plant. Based on an integrated summary of related references available, the paper discusses and analyzes the unreasonable control of the standards for limit of Zn pollution in sludge from a systemic view of environmental quality, soil, plant nutrition, human nutrition and the risk of zinc. Zinc deficiency in soil and in crop production is very common in China, which leads the country consumed the highest amount of zinc fertilizers in the world. In order to keep human healthy, residents in China usually compensate the zinc deficiency by Zn-containing medicine or zinc-enriched foods. Compared to the demand of zinc in agricultural production and human health, the limit of zinc in GB4284-84 is too rigid control for zinc in sewage sludge and should be revised in the future. In order to recycle the sewage sludge correctly, land use type and the capability of zinc in soil environmental should also be considered in revision of the standard of GB4284-84.