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污染控制技术及原理

Dynamic changes of organic nitrogen forms during the composting of different manures

摘要：利用室内模拟堆肥试验,对不同畜禽粪便在堆肥过程中酸水解态氮及其组分的变化规律进行了研究.研究结果表明,随着堆肥的进行,酸水解态氮呈现先降后增的变化趋势,且与堆肥前相比,堆肥处理后酸水解态氮占全氮比例增加,尤其是在猪粪、鸡粪等家禽粪便更为明显,表明畜禽粪便经过堆肥处理后有利于氮素的保蓄;非酸解性氮占全氮比例的变化趋势与酸水解态氮的变化趋势相反;酸解铵态氮、氨基酸态氮和氨基糖态氮占全氮的比值在堆肥过程中均呈现先增加后降低的趋势;未鉴别态氮占全氮比例在整个堆肥过程中的变化趋势与上述3种可鉴别态的酸水解态氮的变化趋势相反.温度、pH值与氨基糖态氮变化趋势相同,这可能是影响氨基糖态氮变化的主要因素;而温度与酸解铵态氮、未鉴别态氮变化的趋势相同,可能是影响酸解变化的主要因素,pH值与酸水解态氮、非酸解性氮变化趋势相同,可能是影响它们变化的主要因素.

Abstract：Composting is an effective disposal method for manure waste and nitrogen transformation is an important factor affecting the degree of stability and maturity of manure composting.An aerobic composting simulation experiment was conducted to determine the concentration and speciation of organic nitrogen.The results showed that the acid hydrolysable nitrogen content(%) firstly decreased,then increased during the composting.In some manures,especially in poultry manure,the acid hydrolysable nitrogen content after composting was higher than the initial content,which indicated that manure composting promoted formation of organic nitrogen and reduced nitrogen loss.The concentrations of unhydrolysable nitrogen changed in the opposite direction from the hydrolysable nitrogen.The relative contents(%) of amide nitrogen,amino acid nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen firstly increased,then decreased during the composting,while the reverse trend occurred for hydrolysable unidentified nitrogen.Linear correlation analysis showed that temperature and pH were the main factors influencing the amino sugar nitrogen(%) content in aerobic manure composting.Similarly,the relative contents(%) of amide nitrogen and hydrolysable unidentified Nwere affected by temperature,and the acid hydrolysable nitrogen and unhydrolysable nitrogen were most affected by pH.