• 关键词：水环境  轮状病毒  聚合酶链式反应及其衍生技术

• 基金项目：中国博士后科学基金(No.20060400439)

• 胡秀华
• 清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家童点联合实验室, 北京 100084

• 何苗
• 清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家童点联合实验室, 北京 100084

• 刘丽
• 清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家童点联合实验室, 北京 100084

• 施汉昌
• 清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家童点联合实验室, 北京 100084

• 摘要：聚合酶链式反应,即PCR(polymerasechainreaction)技术,是一种快速扩增DNA或cDNA序列的方法.水环境中的轮状病毒是导致世界范围内婴幼儿腹泻的主要原因,严重危害着水质安全和人类健康.建立和完善水中轮状病毒灵敏、快速的检测方法对预防和控制水体疾病的暴发具有重要的意义.随着分子生物学技术的发展,PCR及其衍生技术因其具有高度灵敏性、特异性和准确性等特点,成为检测水中轮状病毒最常用的方法.本文综述了利用RCR及其衍生技术,包括逆转录聚合酶链式反应、逆转录半巢式和巢式聚合酶链式反应、多重逆转录聚合酶链式反应、免疫聚合酶链式反应、与免疫磁珠分离相结合的聚合酶链式反应、与细胞培养相结合的聚合酶链式反应及实时定量聚合酶链式反应等,检测水环境中轮状病毒的研究进展,并分析了这些PCR技术在检测水环境中轮状病毒时存在的问题及其应用前景.

• Abstract：The polymerase chain reaction(PCR)is a rapid method for amplification of DNAor cDNAsequences.Waterborne rotaviruses are major pathogens responsible for severe diarrhea diseases in infants and young children worldwide,thus could cause severe harm to water quality and human health.Therefore,it is very important to establish a quick and sensitive method for rotaviruses detection in water for prevention and control of waterborne disease outbreaks.PCRand its derivative techniques have been widely applied in detecting waterborne rotaviruses because of their high sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.The principles and applications of PCRand PCRderived techniques are summarized in this review.The research progress in detecting waterborne rotaviruses using PCR-related techniques including reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)、RT-seminested PCRand RT-nested PCR、multiplex RT-PCR、immuno polymerase chain reaction、immunomagnetic separation PCR、real-time PCRand integrated cell culture-PCRare discussed.Moreover,emerging questions and perspectives of these PCR-related techniques in detection of waterborne rotaviruses are also analyzed in this review.

• Key words：water  rotavirus  polymerase chain reaction  PCR derived techniques

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