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区域环境与生态

Effect of different simulated acid rain types on the nutrient quality of rape

摘要：采用完全随机区组设计方法,在大田试验条件下研究了混合模拟酸雨(MAR)、硫酸模拟酸雨(SAR)和硝酸模拟酸雨(NAR)对油菜营养品质的影响作用及其机制,旨在为防治酸雨对我国农业生产的影响提供科学依据.试验结果表明,在弱酸性条件下,3种不同类型酸雨均能促进油菜籽总游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质的合成,而在强酸性条件下,NAR和MAR对以上2种组分会有较强的抑制作用,且以NAR的抑制作用较明显.3种不同类型模拟酸雨作用下,油菜籽粗脂肪含量随着pH值的上升呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,其中在较强酸性条件下NAR和MAR即能抑制作物粗脂肪的合成,而SAR的影响明显不及前两者.随着酸雨酸度的增强,3种不同酸雨均能使油菜籽硫苷总量持续增加,且在较强酸性条件下NAR和MAR的促进作用影响较大.3种不同类型酸雨均能一定程度地降低作物油酸含量,但NAR在pH≤4.1时能较大地促进亚油酸、亚麻酸和芥酸的合成,从而使作物品质下降.

Abstract：Afield experiment was carried out in the Nanjing region to examine the effect of Mixed Acid Rain(MAR),Sulphur-rich Acid Rain (SAR) and Nitric-rich Acid Rain (NAR) on the nutrient quality of rape(Brassica napus L.)and its influence mechanism to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling acid rain damage to rape crops.Ascheme for completely randomized selection of plots was employed,and the results suggest that the syntheses of total free amino acid and soluble protein are promoted under weak acid rain conditions,but the syntheses are strongly inhibited under strong acid rain conditions by MAR and NAR,with the inhibition by the latter being stronger.Under the simulation conditions,the crude fat content of rape initially increased,and then decreased as a function of increasing pH.Under stronger acidity,both NAR and MAR inhibit the synthesis of crude fat,but SAR had a weaker effect in comparison to the others.With the increase of acidity from CK(pH7.0)to 1.5,the simulated acid rain caused stable growth in the total glucosindate content of the rape,and under strong acid conditions,NAR and MAR had greater effects.The three sources of acidity all reduced the content of oleic acid to some extent,but at pH ≤4.1,NAR promoted the synthesis of linoleic acid,linolenic acid and erucic acid more significantly,thus degrading the nutrient quality of the crop.