• 关键词：水循环  土壤水  HYDRUS模型  运移  河套灌区

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.40471127,40771192)

• 郝芳华
• 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 欧阳威
• 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 岳勇
• 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 杨志峰
• 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 李鹏
• 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875

• 摘要：针对引黄灌区所面临的水资源问题及灌溉引起的环境问题,以内蒙古河套灌区为研究对象,从灌溉引水、用水、排水之间的转化关系为切入点,以地表水、土壤水和地下水之间的水量平衡理论为基础,定量研究了河套灌区在人类影响条件下的水循环特征.结果表明:灌区内的水循环过程为灌溉(降雨)-下渗-潜水蒸发类型,降水的影响较小,以灌溉水的垂向入渗和潜水的蒸发蒸腾消耗为主,地下水消耗量大于补给量,地下水位呈逐年下降趋势.通过HYDRUS模型模拟计算了河套灌区不同灌溉时期(作物生长期和秋浇期)葵花根层(0～40cm)土壤水的动态规律.结果表明,灌区葵花土壤的水含量在生长期呈下降趋势;在秋浇期呈上升趋势.土壤水渗漏动态与灌溉或降雨关系密切,生育期、秋浇期土壤水渗漏量分别与相应时期的灌水量显著相关.

• Abstract：This study mainly focused on the water resource and environmental crisis,which are both caused by agricultural irrigation in the Inner Mongolia irrigation area.Based on the balance of total water quantity between ground water,underground water and soil water,a study was made on the water quantity in the head races and offtakes,and the effect of human activities on the water cycle was quantitatively calculated.The results showed that: the water cycle mode is of "rainfall-seepage-underground water".The irrigation water is mainly depleted by evaporation and introduction of sewage.The discharge of underground water is much more than the recharge.The transport of soil water in a sunflower field was simulated by the HYDRUSmodel for the Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia,and thus the change of soil water in the two seasonal periods of irrigation was distinguished.In the growth period,the soil water content decreased with time,while it increased during the period of autumn irrigation.The runoff of water was closely related to irrigation or precipitation,the quantity of runoff was significantly related to the irrigation water volume in both the summer and fall irrigation periods.

• Key words：Water Cycle  Soil Water  HYDRUS model  movement  Hetao irrigation area

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