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污染控制技术及原理

摘要：通过摇瓶培养试验研究了生物沥浸处理对城市污泥离心脱水率、污泥过滤比阻、泥饼压缩系数等脱水性能的影响,并分析了生物沥浸过程中污泥pH、Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺、污泥颗粒Zeta电位、颗粒粒径分布的变化.研究表明,以亚铁和硫作为复合能源物质时,污泥经过生物沥浸处理后,其离心脱水率可从原始污泥的60%提高到74.4%;污泥比阻从处理前的1.83×10⁹s²·g^-1下降到0.39×10⁹s²·g^-1,降低了79%,压缩系数也从原始污泥的0.98降低为0.58,明显好于其他处理,达到不加絮凝剂而可直接机械压滤脱水的性能要求.研究还表明,污泥生物沥浸处理后,随着pH的下降,污泥颗粒Zeta电位趋于零以及污泥20～60μm粒径范围的颗粒含量明显减少,可能是污泥脱水性能改善的重要原因之一.可见,污泥生物沥浸处理是一种在去除重金属的同时能够改善污泥脱水性能的技术.

Abstract：Batch experiments were performed to study the effect of bioleaching on dewaterability of municipal sewage sludge.Centrifugal dewaterability,specific resistance,and coefficient of compressibility were determined.The changes of pH,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Zeta potential,and particle size distribution before and after bioleaching of the sludge were analyzed.After bioleaching with complex substrates of S⁰ and Fe²⁺,the centrifugal dewaterability at 4000 r·min^-1 of municipal sludge rose to 74.4% from 60%;the specific resistance was reduced by 4.6 times from 1.83×10⁹S₂·g^-1 to 0.39×10⁹s²·g^-1;and the coefficient of compressibility decreased from 0.98 to 0.58.The results indicated that dewaterability of municipal sewage sludge significantly improved after bioleaching with complex substrates.Moreover,the bioleached sludge could be dewatered directly by pressure filtration without addition of flocculants.The decrease of absolute value of Zeta potential and the amount of 20～60μm particles may be important factors facilitating dewaterability of municipal sewage sludge.Bioleaching is a technology which could greatly improve dewaterability of sewage sludge while simultaneously removing heavy metals.