• 关键词：高分子絮凝剂  重金属  交联淀粉  聚丙烯酰胺  磺原酸化

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(No.20377020)

• 郝学奎
• 1. 兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 兰州 730070; 2. 兰州工业高等专科学校, 兰州 730050

• 常青
• 兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 兰州 730070

• 摘要：以玉米淀粉为基体,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,丙烯酰胺为单体,CS₂和NaOH为磺化剂,合成了交联淀粉-聚丙烯酰胺-磺原酸酯(CSAX)高分子絮凝剂.用FTIR光谱和元素分析法对合成产物CSAX进行了表征.讨论了环氧氯丙烷的用量、硝酸铈铵的剂量、NaOH和CS₂的重量百分比等合成条件对产品性能的影响.结果表明,100g淀粉中环氧氯丙烷的剂量为8mL,硝酸铈铵的用量为6.67×10^-4mol·L^-1,交联淀粉:NaOH:CS₂的质量百分比为2:6:2.4时,获得的絮凝剂CSAX产品具有优良的性能.对同一产品不同储存环境的研究表明,低温避光储存较好.对CSAX絮凝含铜废水形成的污泥做扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析,发现其外部形态和组成成分都发生了很大变化.而CSAX处理实际废水的实验表明,当CSAX的投加剂量为100mol·L^-1时,Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺的去除率分别达99.1%和82.3%,浊度的去除达96.6%.

• Abstract：Amacromolecular heavy metal flocculant,crosslinked starch-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate(CSAX),was synthesized using corn starch as matrix,epichlorohydrin(EPI)as cross-linking reagent,ceric ammonium nitrate(CAN)as initiator,acrylamide as monomer and CS₂ and NaOH as xanthation reagents.The products were characterized by FTIR and elemental analysis.The effects of the preparation conditions,such as the dosage of EPI,CAN,NaOH and CS₂ were investigated.The optimum synthesis conditions were 8ml EPI/100g starch,6.67×10^-4 mol L^-1 CAN and the ratio of crosslinked starch:NaOH:CS₂=2:6:2.4.The sludge formed by CSAX and wastewater in jar tests was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS).The exterior structure and components have evidently changed.The jar tests showed that when the dosage of CSAX was 100mol·L^-1,the rate of removal of Cu²⁺,Ni²⁺ and turbidity in synthetic wastewater reached 99.1%,82.3% and 96.6% respectively.

• Key words：macromolecule heavy metal flocculant  heavy metal  crosslinked starch  polyacrylamide  xanthate

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