• 关键词：砷  蔬菜  粮食作物  油料作物  富集  健康风险

• 基金项目：国家杰出青年科学基金(No.40325003)

• 肖细元
• 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101; 2. 中南大学冶金科学与工程学院环境工程研究所, 长沙 410083

• 陈同斌
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 廖晓勇
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 阎秀兰
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 谢华
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 武斌
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 王莉霞
• 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京 100101

• 摘要：根据国内外文献报道,对蔬菜和粮油作物中砷的累积特点和富集能力进行总结和分析.结果表明,清洁区和污染区蔬菜的砷含量变幅分别为0.001～1.07mg·kg^-1和0.001～8.51mg·kg^-1(鲜重),均值分别为0.035mg·kg^-1和0.068mg·kg^-1.不同种类蔬菜的砷含量由大到小依次为:叶菜类>根茎类>茄果类>鲜豆类;清洁区和污染区粮油作物的砷含量变幅分别为0.001～2.20mg·kg^-1和0.007～6.83mg·kg^-1(干重),均值分别为0.081mg·kg^-1和0.294mg·kg^-1,其中水稻的砷含量显著高于小麦和玉米.从富集系数来看,叶菜类蔬菜的砷富集系数最高,芹菜、蕹菜、茼蒿、芥菜等蔬菜的抗砷污染能力较弱.粮食作物玉米的抗砷污染能力较强.与蔬菜砷限量标准(GB4810-1994)相比,我国砷污染区的蔬菜中有32.2%的样本砷含量超标,其中叶菜类和根茎类的超标率分别为47.9%和12.8%.与粮食砷限量标准(GB4810-1994)比较,我国污染区粮油作物的样本砷超标率为34.8%,其中水稻的超标率高达42.9%,玉米和小麦的超标率均高于20%.

• Abstract：The characteristics of concentrations and bioaccumulation factors of arsenic in edible plant portions of vegetables and grain crops were summarized and analyzed based on the reported data in the literature. The results indicated that the range of As concentrations in vegetables was 0.001～1.07 mg·kg^-1 and 0.001～8.51 mg·kg^-1 (fresh weight) in the clean and polluted regions, respectively, with geometric means of 0.035 mg·kg^-1 and 0.068 mg·kg^-1. Arsenic concentrations in grain crops ranged from 0.001 to 2.20 mg·kg^-1 and from 0.007 to 6.83 mg·kg^-1 in clean and polluted regions, respectively, with geometric means of 0.081 mg·kg^-1 and 0.294 mg·kg^-1. Arsenic concentrations in the different varieties of vegetables followed the trend: leafy vegetables > root-stem vegetables > melon-fruit vegetables > fresh bean vegetables, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of As in leafy vegetables was significantly higher than for root-stem vegetables, fruity vegetables and fresh bean vegetables. Results of hierarchical cluster analysis on the As BCFs in different species of vegetables showed that the plants could be statistically separated into two groups based on BCF. Celery (Apium graveiolus), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), crown daisy (Chcoronarium var. spatiosum Baily), mustard (Brassica juncea L.) had higher As BCFs while beetroot (Beta vulgaris), peas(Pisum ativum L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.), leek (Allium tuberosumRottler), common beet (Beta vulgaris L.), squash (Cucurbita L.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), waxgourd (Benincasa hispida), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgais L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), carrot (Daucus carota L.), spring onion (Aubergine Broccoli), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), chili (Capsicum annuum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), taro (Colocasia esculenta L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.), and rape (Brassica napus L.) had lower As BCFs. The BCFof maize was obviously lower than those of rice and wheat. The As concentrations in 48.2% of all the statistical vegetable samples from As polluted regions in China are higher than the food standard of 0.25 mg·kg^-1 set by WHO/FAO, and the statistical percentage of vegetable samples in which the As concentrations were higher than The Tolerance of Limit of As in foods for China (TLAC) of 0.5 mg·kg^-1 fresh weight in vegetables was 32.2%. The As concentration in 64.1% of leafy vegetable and 27.7% of root-stem vegetables were found to be higher than the TLAC. The As concentrations in 34.8% of all the grain crop samples overran the standard limit of 0.7 mg·kg^-1 dry weight set by China, with the percentage of rice grain samples which exceeded the standard limit of 0.7 mg·kg^-1 reaching 42.9%. Thus the As concentrations in leafy vegetables and rice grain may pose a health risk to humans.

• Key words：arsenic  bioconcentration  grain crop  health risk  oil crop  vegetable

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