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区域环境与生态

孙可,刘希涛,高博,张哲赟,孙雷,赵烨,李军,冉勇,邹梦遥.北京通州灌区土壤和河流底泥中有机氯农药残留的研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(5):1086-1093

Studies on Organochloride Pesticides(OCPs)residues of soils and sediments in the Tongzhou irrigation area of Beijing

摘要：2007年6月在北京通州污水灌区、清污混合灌区和清水灌区采集土壤和河流底泥样品共28个,参考EPA标准对样品进行处理和分析,研究了26种有机氯农药(OCPs)的残留及分布情况,探讨了有机氯农药含量与总有机碳(TOC)以及有机氯农药组分之间的相关性.结果表明:从污水灌区到清水灌区有机氯农药的总量上并未出现明显递减的趋势,土壤和河流底泥中残留的有机氯农药主要是滴滴涕(DDTs)、六六六(HCHs)和六氯苯(HCB)类,三者占有机氯农药残留总量的97.89%.OCPs质量分数平均值为36.18ng.g^-1,其中DDTs占OCPs的72.85%,大部分样品中DDT与DDE+DDD的质量分数之比都小于1,说明这些土壤和河流底泥中DDTs主要来自历史残留物.同时,除了两个样品外,其它样品的α-HCH/γ-HCH比值均小于1,平均值为0.63,表明林丹是这些采样点中HCH的主要新的污染源.沉积物中TOC、DDTs、HCHs和HCB类农药含量与有机氯农药总含量之间显著相关,在决定有机氯农药含量和分布上起着重要的作用.

Abstract：Twenty six soil samples and two sediment samples,irrigated with sewage,clean water and mixed water,were collected from the Tongzhou area in June 2007 and analyzed for 26 organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)to study their levels and distribution patterns.The correlations between OCPs and total organic carbon(TOC)among various OCPcomponents are discussed.Results indicated that the average OCPs concentration was 36.18 ng·g^-1,and no significant correlation was identified between OCPs residues and irrigation.DDTs,HCHs and HCBwere the dominant compounds,contributing 72.85%,11.30% and 13.74% of the total OCPs,respectively.The low ratios of w(DDT)to w(DDE+DDD)(<1)in the investigated samples possibly show a long history of DDTs application and fresh input from sewage irrigation in this area is unlikely.In addition,the relatively low α-HCH/γ-HCHratios indicated that lindane is the current source of HCHs in Tongzhou irrigation area.Statistical Pearson correlation analysis revealed that TOC,DDTs,HCHs,and HCBhad an important effect on the level and distribution of OCPs in the soils and sediments.