• 关键词：好氧颗粒污泥  颗粒化  废水处理  机理  影响因素

• 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(No.50830302)

• 王建龙
• 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院环境技术研究室, 北京 100084

• 张子健
• 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院环境技术研究室, 北京 100084

• 吴伟伟
• 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院环境技术研究室, 北京 100084

• 摘要：污泥颗粒化(granulation)是指废水生物处理系统中的微生物在适当的环境条件下,相互聚集形成一种密度较大、体积较大、体质条件较好的微生物聚集体.按照微生物代谢过程中电子受体的不同,颗粒污泥可分为好氧颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥两类.目前对污泥颗粒化的研究主要集中在两个方面:一方面是从宏观层面探讨颗粒化的形成模式,优化运行参数以达到更好的颗粒化效果;另一方面是从微观层面去研究颗粒化的机理、微生物菌群及其他化学成分在颗粒化过程中所起的作用.本文综述了好氧颗粒污泥近年来的研究进展,主要包括:好氧颗粒污泥的性质(形态及粒径、沉降性能、密度与强度、生物活性、细胞表面疏水性、胞外多聚物等)及结构,颗粒污泥的培养条件、形成机理及影响因素(有机负荷、基质成分、剪切力、沉淀时间、运行周期、进水模式、微生物饥饿期、反应器结构、溶解氧、温度等),以及颗粒污泥的应用(工业废水处理、城市污水处理、有毒污染物降解、脱氮除磷、重金属及放射性核素的去除等).此外,还介绍了全自养颗粒污泥,如硝化颗粒污泥方面的研究.分析表明,随着对好氧颗粒污泥研究的不断深入,将好氧颗粒污泥应用于实际废水处理得到越来越多的关注.好氧颗粒污泥的形成机理、颗粒污泥的微生物特性、颗粒污泥的长期运行稳定性及其工业化应用是今后需要重点关注的研究方向.

• Abstract：The granulation of sludge is a process of microbial self-immobilization during the wastewater treatment process under favorable conditions.Granular sludge is a denser,larger and better microbial aggregate.According to the electron acceptors of microbial metabolism,granular sludge can be divided into two general groups,that is,anaerobic and aerobic granular sludge.Anaerobic granular sludge has been studied extensively for decades,whereas the interest in aerobic granular sludge was started just several years ago.To date,the researches on the aerobic granulation have been focused on two aspects: one is on the formation of aerobic granular sludge on macro-scale,in order to optimize the operational parameters;the other is on the granulation mechanisms and the microbial diversity.This paper reviewed the up-to-date research and application of aerobic granular sludge not only in China,but also worldwide.The main contents include: the performance of aerobic granular sludge(morphology and size,settling ability,density and strength,biological activity,cell surface hydrophobicity,extracellular polysaccharides etc.),the cultivating conditions,granulation mechanisms and the influencing factors(organic loading rates,substrates constituents,hydrodynamic shear force,settling time,operational period,feeding mode,periodic starvation,reactor configuration,dissolved oxygen and temperature etc.),as well as the application of aerobic granular sludge(industrial wastewater treatment,municipal sewage treatment,toxic organics degradation,removal of nitrogen and phosphorus,and biosorption of heavy metal ions and radioactive wastes etc.).The completely autotrophic granular sludge,such as nitrifying granular sludge,was also mentioned.The future concern will focus on the up-scaling,manipulating,and optimizing the formation of aerobic granules,the changes in microbial activity and community in mature aerobic granules,as well as their long-term stability in the reactors.The intensive and successful researches of this technology will promote it from laboratory study to the pilot-and full-scale applications,which will foresee its promising application in practical wastewater treatment.

• Key words：Aerobic granular sludge  granulation  wastewater treatment  mechanism  influencing factor

• 
  摘要点击次数： 4824 全文下载次数： 3053