污染控制技术及原理
刘玉燕,刘敏,程书波.道路灰尘铂族元素含量的短期变化过程分析[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(9):1864-1870
道路灰尘铂族元素含量的短期变化过程分析
- Short-term changes in the contents of platinum group elements (PGEs) in road dust
- 基金项目：国家自然科学基金(No.40611171,40131020,40271102)
- 作者
- 单位
- 刘玉燕
- 1. 华东师范大学 地理系, 上海 200062; 2. 昌吉学院 化学与应用化学系, 昌吉 831100
- 刘敏
- 华东师范大学 地理系, 上海 200062
- 程书波
- 华东师范大学 地理系, 上海 200062
- 摘要：选择上海市区中山北路(华东师大～武夷路)、长宁路(中山西路～安西路)、杨柳青路(金沙江路～武宁路)等3条道路,对道路灰尘铂族元素(PGEs)含量的短期变化过程进行研究.结果表明,Rh的含量为24.95～36.24ng·g-1(平均值为29.42ng·g-1),Pd的含量为85.34～158.89ng·g-1(平均值为117.88ng·g-1),Pt含量为20.15～48.48ng·g-1(平均值为34.42ng·g-1).其中,道路灰尘Rh、Pd、Pt含量分别是参照点的19.48倍、12.17倍和64.94倍.与国际其他城市相比,Pt含量较低,Pd和Rh含量处于中间水平.总体而言,道路灰尘PGEs含量及负荷随时间变化呈上升趋势,到达上限后,变化则趋于和缓.在车流量恒定的情况下,PGEs浓度及负荷的短期变化主要归因于气象条件的变化.降雨会使PGEs浓度降低,但不同类型降雨会使PGEs负荷发生不同变化,雨量较大,则负荷降低;雨量较小,负荷反而有升高可能;连续降雨后,PGEs浓度与负荷达到下限.一定的风力扰动会使PGEs浓度升高,但使PGEs的负荷变化变得较为复杂;连续干燥无风天气会使上述PGEs浓度及负荷达到上限值,若天气继续保持干燥无风,PGEs浓度及负荷均不会再上升,变化趋于缓和.
- Abstract：The short-term variation of concentrations of platinum group elements,PGEs,in Shanghai road dust is analyzed and discussed. The dust samples were collected from Zhongshan North Road(from the East China Normal University to Wuyi Road),Changning Road(from Zhongshan West Road to Anxi Road) and Yangliuqing Road(from Jinshajiang Road to Wuning Road). The results showed that the concentrations of Rh,Pd and Pt in road dust ranged from 24.95～36.24 ng·g-1(29.42 ng·g-1),85.34～158.89 ng·g-1(117.88 ng·g-1),and 20.15～48.48 ng·g-1(34.42 ng·g-1) respectively. Compared with the reference point,the concentrations of Rh,Pd and Pt in road dust were increased 19.48,12.17 and 64.94 times respectively. In comparison with international levels,the road dust concentrations of Pd and Rh in Shanghai were intermediate,but the concentration of Pt was low. In general,weather conditions were the main cause of short-term changes in PGE concentrations and load. Rainfall decreased the concentrations of PGEs,but different types of rainfall changed the load of PGEs differently. More rainfall resulted in lighter load,and vice versa. After continuous rainfall,the concentrations and the load of PGEs reached a minimum. The wind power increased the concentrations of PGEs,but changed the load of PGEs complicatedly. Under continuous dry and calm weather conditions,the concentrations and load of PGEs were maximized,and tend to mitigation.
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