• 关键词：氨氮污染水体  硝化菌群  生物膜  氨氧化负荷  PCR-DGGE

• 基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(No.2006AA05Z103,2007AA06Z324)

• 何晓红
• 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

• 李大平
• 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

• 陶勇
• 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

• 胡杰
• 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

• 王晓梅
• 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

• 陈元芬
• 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

• 摘要：利用已筛选的硝化菌群分别以游离菌和生物膜两种方式对成都市南干堰氨氮污染水体进行生物强化修复初步研究.结果表明,当进水氨氮浓度为23.91～24.27mg·L^-1,在25℃、150r·min^-1条件下,投加游离菌群36h后,氨氮去除率达95%,而在不添加游离菌的对照中,氨氮浓度没有下降.采用生物膜法,室温条件下,当进水氨氮浓度为8.00～18.38mg·L^-1,水力停留时间(HRT)2～4h时,出水氨氮浓度为0～1.11mg·L^-1,氨氧化负荷最高可达0.139kg·m^-3·d^-1(以N计,下同),氨氮去除率达90%以上;当进水氨氮浓度为7.84～14.62mg·L^-1,HRT为0.5～1.0h时,修复后出水氨氮浓度为1.90～7.47mg·L^-1,氨氧化负荷最高可达0.261kg·m^-3·d^-1;当进水氨氮浓度稀释到3mg·L^-1左右,氨氮可完全被去除,修复后水体几乎没有亚硝酸盐残留.采用PCR-DGGE分析生物膜上的微生物菌群,发现生物膜中不仅有硝化菌群生长,还包括其它与氮转化相关微生物菌群.该实验结果表明,运用硝化菌群进行氨氮污染水体强化修复具有显著的效果,实际应用中可根据污染水体氨氮浓度以及氨氧化负荷来确定完全修复所需要的水力停留时间.

• Abstract：Recently,ammonia nitrogen pollution is becoming serious increasingly in urban rivers. In this study,bioremediation of polluted Nanganyan river water was performed in the laboratory by two methods:free nitrifying bacteria or biofilms of nitrifying bacteria isolated from activated sludge. The results showed that when the nitrifying bacteria was added into polluted water with 23.91～24.27 mg·L^-1 ammonia-nitrogen and incubated for 36 h at 25℃ and 150 r·min^-1,the ammonia-nitrogen removal rate reached 95%. The ammonia-nitrogen concentration did not decrease in the control without the nitrifying bacteria supplements. For bioremediation of the polluted water by biofilms at room temperature,when influent ammonia nitrogen was 8.00 to 18.38 mg·L^-1 and hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 2 to 4 hours,the effluent ammonia nitrogen ranged from 0 to 1.11 mg·L^-1. The highest ammonia nitrogen loading could reach 0.139 kg·m^-3·d^-1 and the ammonia-nitrogen removal rate was above 90%. Moreover,when the influent ammonia nitrogen was 7.84 to 14.62 mg·L^-1 and HRT was 0.5 to 1.0 h the effluent ammonia nitrogen was 1.90 to 7.47 mg L^-1,and the highest ammonia nitrogen loading could reach 0.261 kg·m^-3·d^-1. Finally,when the influent ammonia nitrogen was diluted to 3 mg·L^-1,the ammonia nitrogen was completely removed and there was little residual nitrite in the effluent water. The PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that the microbial population in the biofilms included not only nitrifying bacteria but other bacteria involved in the transformation of nitrogen. The isolated nitrifying bacteria considerably enhanced the bioremediation of ammonia polluted water. In practical application,the HRT for bioremediation needs to be adjusted according to the concentration and loading of ammonia nitrogen in the polluted water.

• Key words：ammonia polluted water  nitrifying bacteria  biofilms  ammonia nitrogen loading  PCR-DGGE

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