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污染控制技术及原理

基金项目：贵州省科学技术基金项目(No.2008-2236);贵州省科技厅科技攻关项目(No.SZ2008-3073);贵州大学引进人才科研项目(No.2008-29);贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长专项资金项目(No.2008-72)

摘要：为了考察水力停留时间(HRT)、氮素负荷(NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N)对厌氧氨氧化系统处理效果的影响,通过启动试验、HRT影响试验、NH₄⁺-N负荷试验、NO₂^--N负荷试验,以好氧硝化污泥、厌氧污泥、花园土壤渗出液为接种污泥,历经114d培养厌氧氨氧化反应器成功启动.结果表明:①系统HRT过短会导致含氮污染物去除不完全,HRT过长则污泥可能已经解体,取HRT为10d是合理的;②厌氧氨氧化系统HRT、微生物总量确定的情况下,系统NH₄⁺-N氧化能力也随之确定,以污泥负荷描述厌氧氨氧化系统NH₄⁺-N氧化能力较为恰当,控制进水NH₄⁺-N污泥负荷小于0.009gg·g^-1·d^-1;③高NO₂^--N负荷对厌氧氨氧化系统中NH₄⁺-N氧化步骤不产生明显抑制影响,但当NO₂^--N负荷大于14g·m^-3·d^-1后,会对厌氧氨氧化系统中NO₂^--N还原步骤产生抑制,所以控制进水NO₂^--N容积负荷小于14g·m^-3·d^-1或折合为污泥负荷0.018gg·g^-1·d^-1是合适的.本研究对厌氧氨氧化系统的设计、运行、管理控制有重要参考意义.

Abstract：The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and nitrogen (NH₄⁺-Nand NO₂^--N) load on an anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)system. The ANAMMOXreactor was successfully started after a period of 114 days of cultivation,using aerobic nitrification sludge,anaerobic sludge,and garden soil exudate as inoculated sludge. We conducted start-up tests,tests of HRT,and tests of nitrogen (NH₄⁺-Nand NO₂^--N) load. The following conclusions have been drawn based on analysis of the data:① The reasonable length of HRTin this system is 10 d,and shorter and longer than that will induce incomplete removal of nitrogen-containing pollutants,and sludge disintegration,respectively; ② Under the optimum ANAMMOXsystem HRTand total micro-organism loading,the NH₄⁺-Noxidation capacity of the system was determined,and it can be described by sludge loading,which controls the influent NH₄⁺-Nand is less than 0.0009 g·g^-1·d^-1; ③ High NO₂^--N load does not inhibit NH₄⁺-N oxidation in the ANAMMOX system,but inhibits NH₄⁺-N reduction when NO₂^--N load is higher than 14g·m^-3·d^-1,therefore it is appropriate to control the influent NH₄⁺-N lower than₁₄ g·m^-3·d^-1,or 0.018 g·g^-1·d^-1,if converted into sludge loading. The results of this study have important reference value for the design,operation,management and control of ANAMMOX systems.