• 关键词：紫外辐射  可见光辐射  水汽和散射因子  能量  化学和光化学反应(C& P)

• 基金项目：中国科学院野外台站研究基金

• 白建辉
• 中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气与全球环境探测重点实验室, 北京 100029

• 摘要：根据对华北地区2年观测资料的分析以及实际天气条件下紫外辐射(UV)和可见光辐射(VIS)的经验模式,研究了UV、VIS在大气中的传输,得到了大气中物质成分与不同波段太阳辐射相互作用的不同特征和规律.结果表明,对于UV传输,水汽因子的重要性远大于散射因子;对于VIS传输,散射因子的重要性大于水汽因子.受水汽和散射因子衰减的影响,到达地面的UV、VIS表现出一定的地域特色,华北地区到达地面的UV、VIS均以散射因子的贡献为主,在紫外、可见光波段,散射因子的贡献分别为62.55%、95.76%.经水汽因子衰减到达地面的UV大于VIS,经散射因子衰减到达地面的VIS远远大于UV.整体上,华北地区SD/SQ(散射辐射/总辐射)年均值由南到北逐渐降低,地面UV、VIS由南到北逐渐增加.仅受水汽因子影响,华北地区损失于大气中的UV、VIS能量分别为19.30、16.54W·m^-2;仅受散射因子影响,华北地区损失于大气中的UV、VIS能量分别为35.31、311.07W·m^-2.华北地区UV和VIS的能量损失季节变化明显,并表现出由南到北减小的趋势.UV、VIS在大气中传输时,一部分能量被大气中的物质成分在化学和光化学反应中吸收和利用,这一能量影响到大气中的各种基本过程,在未来研究中应予以高度重视.利用能量方法并结合对测量数据的分析来研究大气中物质与辐射能量的相互作用,特别是能量在大气中的利用、分配、时空变化等是一种有效、客观的方法.UV对水汽的敏感性远大于VIS对水汽的敏感性,UV和VIS对SD/SQ的敏感性大于对水汽的敏感性.

• Abstract：Based on analysis of 2 years of observational data in North China and application of empirical models of solar ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) radiation under all sky conditions,the characteristics of the interaction between the atmospheric components and solar radiation in different wavelength bands have been retrieved through the study of the transmission of UVand VISin the atmosphere. The water vapor factor in the UVtransmission plays a more important role than the scattering factor. F_or the VIStransmission,although the water vapor factor still plays an important role,the scattering factor is relatively more important. Due to the attenuation of the water vapor and the scattering factor,solar UVand VISreaching the Earth's surface displayed a regional variability. The contribution by the scattering factor was dominant in UVand VISat the ground,and their ratios were 62.55% and 95.76%,respectively. Due to the individual attenuation of water vapor factor,UVreaching the Earth's surface was larger than VIS,while due to the individual attenuation of scattering factor,VISreaching the Earth's surface was larger than UV. In North China,annual SD/SQ (scattered radiation/global radiation) exhibited a decreasing trend while UVand VISdisplayed an increasing trend from south to north. The energy losses of UVand VISin North China due to the attenuation of water vapor factor were 19.30 and 16.54 W·m^-2,respectively,and due to the attenuation of the scattering factor were 35.31、311.07 W·m^-2,respectively. Both UVand VISlosses in North China showed an evident seasonal variability and exhibited decreasing trends from south to north. During the transmission of UVand VIS,some energy is Absorbed and consumed by the substances in the atmosphere when they participate in chemical and photochemical (C&P) reactions. This energy influences all the basic processes in the atmosphere,and should be paid more attention in future study. This is an effective and objective method to study the interaction between the atmospheric substances and solar radiation,especially in terms of energy usage,distribution,and temporal and spatial variations,based on the analysis of observational data and from the point of view of energy. UVto water vapor factor is more sensitive than VIS,and UV and VISare more sensitive to SD/SQ than to water vapor.

• Key words：solar ultraviolet radiation  solar visible radiation  water vapor and scattering factors  energy  chemical and photochemical reactions (C& P)

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