特别选题
王雪梅,刘静玲,马牧源,杨志峰.流域水生态风险评价及管理对策[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(2):237-245
流域水生态风险评价及管理对策
- Aquatic ecological risk assessment and management strategies in a watershed:An overview
- 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(No.2006CB403403);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2008ZX07209-009)
- 作者
- 单位
- 王雪梅
- 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
- 刘静玲
- 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
- 马牧源
- 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
- 杨志峰
- 北京师范大学环境学院, 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
- 摘要：流域水生态风险评价是流域水环境管理急需解决的难题和研究热点,与传统风险管理的主要不同点在于流域的异质性和复合污染问题.依靠单一污染物研究不足以提供全面风险信息,无法适应我国流域水环境改善和生态恢复的管理需求.本文通过对复合污染的联合毒性效应及其研究方法的分析,综述和比较了生态风险评价方法的实用性和不足,探讨适合于建立流域不同生态单元质量和复合污染效应间关系的方法,发展和构建反映流域时空尺度变化规律的生态风险评价模型.并就流域水生态毒理机理、水环境的生态响应时空异质性变化规律和流域多目标优化管理提出研究展望及管理对策.
- Abstract：Risk assessment of the water environment in watersheds has become an important direction and an urgent problem of environmental management.The key problems,which are different from traditional risk management,are the heterogeneity of watersheds and the multiple pollution sources.Single pollutant based risk assessments are insufficient to protect aquatic environments and provide information for ecological restoration in the China Basin.In this paper,studies on ecotoxicological effects and research methods of combined pollution are summarized,and a variety of aquatic ecological risk assessment methods are compared.To develop a model of aquatic ecological risk assessment including both spatial and temporal changes,we discuss the methods for establishment of the relationships between habitat quality of different ecological units and the effects of combined pollution.Recommendations are made in three fields:ecotoxicological effects in a watershed;the spatial and temporal changes of the ecological response to pollution;and optimization of multi-objective management standards for the watershed.
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