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环境化学

摘要：在实验室条件下研究了α-硫丹、β-硫丹及硫丹硫酸酯在东北黑壤土、江苏水稻土、江西红壤土和河南二合土4种土壤中的降解特性.结果表明,硫丹及硫丹硫酸酯降解过程可用一级动力学方程描述.4种土壤中,β-硫丹的降解半衰期(DT₅₀)分别为39、10、14和13d;α-硫丹的DT₅₀分别为72、56、105和42d;硫丹硫酸酯的DT₅₀分别为39、41、53和34d,因此,硫丹硫酸酯在土壤中的持久性值得关注.α-硫丹在有机质含量丰富的土壤中降解较慢,β-硫丹在碱性土壤中降解较快.用一级动力学模型模拟的硫丹(α-硫丹+β-硫丹)和总硫丹(α-硫丹+β-硫丹+硫丹硫酸酯)降解过程的计算结果表明,硫丹的DT₅₀为18～47d,总硫丹的DT₅₀为48～77d.试验观察到的硫丹降解产物依次为硫丹硫酸酯、硫丹二醇、硫丹醚和硫丹羟基醚.

Abstract：The degradation characteristics of endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in soils were studied under laboratory conditions.The degradation rates of both compounds could be described by first order kinetics equations.The degradation characteristics of β-endosulfan,α-endosulfan and endosulfan-sulfate were different in the four different soils tested.The DT₅₀values of β-endosulfan,β-endosulfan and endosulfan-sulfate were 39 d,72 d and 39 d for black soil;10 d,56 d and 41 d for paddy soil;14 d,105 d and 53 d for red soil;and 13 d,42 d and 34 d for fluvo-aquic soil from Henan Province.Persistence of endosulfan sulfate in soil must be a concern.The α-endosulfan isomer was slowly degraded in organic matter-enriched soil while βendosulfan was rapidly degraded in alkaline soil.Based on first-order kinetics calculations,the DT₅₀ valuesof endosulfan(β-endosulfan + α-endosulfan) and total endosulfan(α-endosulfan + α-endosulfan + endosulfan-sulfate) ranged from 18 d to 47 d and 48 d to 77 d,respectively.Endosulfan degradation initially produces endosulfan sulfate which proceeds to form endosulfan-diol,endosulfan-ether and endosulfan-hydroether.