• 关键词：滇池流域  水质污染因子  着生藻类  底栖动物  空间分布特征

• 基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2008ZX07526-002-06)

• 文航
• 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871

• 蔡佳亮
• 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871

• 苏玉
• 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871

• 孙金华
• 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871

• 黄艺
• 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871

• 张远
• 中国环境科学研究院河流与海岸带环境创新基地, 北京 100012

• 摘要：入湖河流作为连接湖泊流域"源"(陆地)-"汇"(湖体)的廊道,其水生态系统健康状态是对流域上游陆地生态系统土地利用/覆被变化的响应,而其下游水质污染因子则因流域分水线的封闭性,可以表征上游土地利用/覆被变化对入湖河流水生态系统健康的影响.因此,利用水生生物指标识别入湖河流水质污染因子及其空间分布特征,对于整个湖泊流域的水生态系统健康恢复和水环境污染总量控制就显得尤为必要.本文基于滇池流域29条入湖河流2009年7～8月丰水期着生藻类和底栖动物调查数据与2009年逐月水质监测数据,通过运用因子分析、典型对应分析和等级聚类分析,来探讨入湖河流水生生物群落结构与水质污染因子及其空间分布特征,以期为流域综合管理提供基础.结果表明,滇池流域入湖河流在水生生物调查期间共检出着生藻类5门18科24属,以硅藻门的舟型藻属(Navicula)为优势属,底栖动物3门7科8属,以环节动物门的水丝蚓属(Limnodrilus)为优势属;TN、NH₄⁺-N和TP是滇池流域入湖河流的水质污染因子;滇池流域入湖河流水质污染状况的空间分布特征为流域北部入湖河流(王家堆渠、新运粮河、老运粮河、乌龙河、大观河、西坝河、船房河、采莲河、金家河、盘龙江、大青河、海河、六甲宝象河、小清河、五甲宝象河、虾坝河、老宝象河、新宝象河和马料河)污染程度大于南部入湖河流(南冲河、淤泥河、老柴河、白鱼河、茨巷河、东大河、中河和古城河)大于东部入湖河流(洛龙河和捞鱼河).

• Abstract：In the lake watershed,streams are important landscape corridors that link the source (land) and the sink (lake). The ecosystem health of streams is usually used to indicate the aquatic biodiversity of the lake ecosystem,as well as being affected by water pollution factors in response to changes in land use cover of the terrestrial ecosystem due to natural geographic characteristics of the watershed with the closure of ridge lines. Therefore,identification of the water pollution factors with aquatic bioindicators has a good effect on the restoration of aquatic ecosystem health and the control of the total water pollution in the lake watershed. Using mensal physical-chemical parameters of the 29 streams of Lake Dianchi watershed in 2009 and the survey data of periphytic algae and macrozoobenthos during July and August,2009,factor analysis,canonical correspondence analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify the community of aquatic bioindicators and the key water pollution factors and their spatial distribution. The results identified 5 divisions,18 families,and 24 genera of periphytic algae. Among these,Navicula (Bacillariophyta) was the dominant genus. Additionally,3 divisions,7 families,and 8 genera of macrozoobenthos were identified. Limnodrilus (Annelida) was the dominant genus. TN,NH₄⁺-N,and TPwere the key water pollution factors,and were significantly correlated with the aquatic bioindicators. The spatial distribution of density of aquatic bioindicators and water pollution was both greatest in the streams flowing into the north lake (River Wangjiaduiqu,River Xinyunlianghe,River Laoyunlianghe,River Wulonghe,River Daguanhe,River Xibahe,River Chuanfanghe,River Cailianhe,River Jinjiahe,River Panlongjiang,River Daqinghe,River Haihe,River Liujiabaoxianghe,River Xiaoqinghe,River Wujiabaoxianghe,River Xiabahe,River Laobaoxianghe,River Xinbaoxianghe,and River Maliaohe),followed by those flowing into the south lake (River Nanchonghe,River Yunihe,River Laochaihe,River Baiyuhe,River Cixianghe,River Dongdahe,River Zhonghe and River Guchenghe),and least in those flowing into the east lake (River Luolonghe and River Laoyuhe).

• Key words：Lake Dianchi watershed  water pollution factors  periphytic algae  macrozoobenthos  spatial distribution

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