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研究报告

摘要：为了解射击场土壤重金属污染问题,采集某射击场土壤和植物样品,对重金属和P元素含量进行了检测分析,并对重金属的生物有效性进行了评价.研究发现,射击场表层土壤存在一定程度的Pb、Cu、Hg、Sb污染并呈不均匀的斑块状分布,Pb、Cu、Sb含量随土壤深度增加呈下降趋势,射击场土壤重金属存在一定程度的垂直迁移和侧向迁移.射击场土壤重金属污染主要来源于轻武器射击的弹头,具有Pb、Cu、Sb3种元素组合污染的特征.残留在土壤中的含铅弹头,有约2%～7%的Pb已进入土壤.该射击场土壤中不同形态的Pb含量大小顺序为:碳酸盐结合态(Carb-Pb)>残渣态(Resid-Pb)>有机结合态(Org-Pb)>铁锰氧化物结合态(Fe/Mn-Pb)>可交换态(Exch-Pb),土壤中Pb主要以生物有效性低的形态存在,总铅的生物有效性随土壤深度增加呈下降趋势.射击场表层植被克氏针茅(Stipa Krylovii)受到铅弹污染的影响,其Pb含量为对照样的16倍,而Hg、As、Sb、Cu含量无显著差异.在射击场碱性钙质土壤中,克氏针茅对土壤总铅的相对富集因子很小,而对可交换态铅有明显的富集.

Abstract：In order to study heavy metal contamination in a shooting range,soil and plant samples were collected from a shooting range of China and analyzed for heavy metals and phosphorus concentrations. This study focused on weathering of heavy metals and their bioavailability. Surface soil in the shooting range has been contaminated by heavy metals (Pb,Cu,Hg and Sb),mainly from bullets,and the concentrations of these four heavy metals are therefore non-homogeneous and localized. The concentrations of Pb,Cu and Sb decrease with the depth of soil sample. Vertical and horizontal movement of heavy metals has occurred in this shooting range. Pb,Cu and Sb show combined pollution characteristics. About 2%～7% of metallic Pb has been weathered or dissolved into soil. Pb shows a low bioavailability and occurs in the following fractions:Carb-Pb> Resid-Pb>Org-Pb>Fe/Mn-Pb>Exch-Pb. The bioavailability of total Pb decreases with depth of soil. Stipa Kryloviion the backstop is severely affected by heavy metals from the bullets,and the concentration of Pb in plant samples in this area is 16 times that in background samples. There are no significant differences in the concentration of Hg,As,Sb,Cu between range samples and background samples. In alkaline soil in the range,Stipa Krylovii has a relatively lower total Pb concentration factor (CF) but a higher Exch-Pb concentration factor.