• 关键词：辽河流域  大伙房水库  表层沉积物  重金属  空间分布  污染评价  生态危害

• 基金项目：国家水体污染与控制重大专项课题(No.2009ZX07528-002)

• 罗燕
• 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护河口海岸带环境重点实验室, 北京 100012

• 秦延文
• 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护河口海岸带环境重点实验室, 北京 100012

• 张雷
• 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护河口海岸带环境重点实验室, 北京 100012

• 郑丙辉
• 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护河口海岸带环境重点实验室, 北京 100012

• 贾静
• 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护河口海岸带环境重点实验室, 北京 100012

• 摘要：辽河流域大伙房水库是抚顺、沈阳两市重要的生活饮用水水源地,因其汇水区内的矿山开采活动而面临严重的重金属污染问题.为了解该区域的重金属污染状况,对大伙房水库表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量及空间分布进行了研究,并采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及基于多方的沉积物质量基准法对水库重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了评价.结果表明,大伙房水库表层沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的平均含量分别为81.87、65.20、36.69、137.49、2.38mg·kg^-1;与辽宁省土壤元素背景值、辽河水系沉积物平均值及全国水系沉积物平均值相比,5种重金属元素均有一定程度的富集,其中,Cd富集最为严重;元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd具有相似的空间变化特征,从浑河入库口到抚顺取水口呈逐步下降的趋势,相关性分析的结果也显示这4种重金属元素两两之间呈显著的正相关关系(p<0.01),推断浑河上游工矿废水的排放是这4种重金属共同的污染源;综合3种评价方法的结果,大伙房水库表层沉积物中Cd为最主要的污染元素,且具有较强的生态危害,Cu为偏中度-中度污染,具有一定的生态危害,Zn、Pb、Cr污染程度较低,生态危害较轻.

• Abstract：The Dahuofang reservoir of the Liao river basin,which is the main drinking water source of Fushun and Shenyang,is facing a serious problem of heavy metal pollution due to mining in its catchment area.To explore the condition of heavy metal pollution,the content and spatial distribution of Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in surface sediment were studied and the contamination and potential ecological risk of these elements were evaluated by three methods,i.e.geoaccumulation index,potential ecological risk index and consensus-based sediment quality guidelines.The results indicated that the average contents of Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd were 81.87,65.20,36.69,137.49 and 2.38 mg·kg^-1,respectively.Compared with the background value in Liaoning province soil,the average concentration in Liao river and nationwide sediment,all 5 elements were enriched to some extent,especially Cd.The contamination of Cu,Pb,Cd and Zn exhibited a roughly downward trend from the tail to the head of the reservoir and significant positive correlations existed among these 4 elements.The results indicated that the industrial waste water discharged upstream of the Hun river was the common pollution source.The comprehensive assessment results showed that Cd was the primary element with high ecological risk while Cu was secondary and Zn,Pb and Cr were slight.

• Key words：Liao River basin  Dahuofang reservoir  surface sediment  heavy metal  spatial distribution  pollution evaluation  ecological risk

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