• 关键词：可吸入颗粒物  垂直变化  昼夜变化  污染等级  影响因素  西安南郊文教区

• 基金项目：国家大学生创新性实验计划项目(No.091071813);国家科技部科技支撑项目(No.2007BAC30B01)

• 穆珍珍
• 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710062

• 赵景波
• 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710062

• 徐娜
• 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710062

• 姚兰
• 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710062

• 李雨霞
• 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710062

• 孟静静
• 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院, 西安 710062

• 摘要：为了查明西安市雁塔文教区冬季可吸入颗粒物在高度上的变化特征,以及各高度处质量浓度随时间的变化情况,于2010年1月22日至29日对雁塔区陕西师范大学家属区内的4座高层楼进行了6 d的PM₁₀质量浓度监测.结果表明:西安市南郊环境较好的文教区冬季可吸入颗粒物在1 m、45~57 m高度处的浓度值较低,1 m处的浓度变化范围为0.005~0.080 mg · m^-3,平均为0.037 mg · m^-3,45~57 m高度处的浓度变化范围为0~0.095 mg · m^-3,平均为0.038 mg · m^-3;3~27 m处的浓度较高,变化范围为0.030~0.180 mg · m^-3,平均为0.076 mg · m^-3;PM₁₀质量浓度随时间的日变化特征呈现双峰型,即上午和夜间的浓度较高而下午较低,这一变化规律受大气稳定度、污染源等的影响.温度与6~27 m处PM₁₀质量浓度显著负相关.西安市雁塔文教区冬季PM₁₀浓度随高度的增加呈先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势,这与以往的认识有所不同,表明空气粉尘浓度变化较为复杂,需要进行深入研究.在观测时段内,1~81 m处的PM₁₀浓度较低,空气质量良好,仅就PM₁₀浓度而言,污染较轻,但要准确全面地评价,还需要进行逐日的PM₁₀监测及对SO₂和NO_x浓度的监测.

• Abstract：In order to ascertain vertical and temporal variation characteristics of the thoracic fraction of particulate matter (PM₁₀) in a cultural and educational area of Yanta District, Xi'an during winter,we observed the PM₁₀ mass concentration for six days from different heights on four buildings in Shaanxi Normal University from January 22 to January 29, 2010. The results showed that PM₁₀ concentrations were lowest at ground level (1 m) and 45~54 m. Concentrations at ground level ranged from 0.005 mg · m^-3 to 0.080 mg · m^-3 with an average of 0.037 mg · m^-3;and concentrations at 45~54 meters ranged from undetectable to 0.005 mg · m^-3 with an average of 0.038 mg · m^-3. The concentrations of PM₁₀ were highest at 3~27 m, where they ranged from 0.030 mg · m^-3 to 0.180 mg · m^-3 and had an average of 0.076 mg · m^-3. Concentrations varied temporally and peaked in the morning and at night throughout a 24h cycle. Concentrations were lowest in the afternoon. Variations were affected by atmospheric stability, pollution sources, etc. Temperature and PM₁₀ was negatively correlated at 6~27 m. With increasing height up to 81 m, the concentration of PM₁₀ increased, then decreased, and finally increased. Temporal and vertical variations at dusk were complex and need further study. Concentrations at 1~81 meters were low during the study period, therefore, pollution was moderate. Environmental quality can be well and truly evaluated by monitoring PM₁₀ and SO₂ and NO_x every day.

• Key words：PM₁₀  vertical variation  diurnal variation  atmospheric pollution  influence factors  cultural and educational district of south Xi'an

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