• 关键词：水溶性离子  气溶胶  东海  海盐  二次气溶胶

• 基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(No.2006CB400601, 2011CB409802);国家自然科学基金项目(No.40776063);中日国际科技合作项目(No.2010DFA91350)

• 石金辉
• 1. 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛 266100;
  2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛 266100

• 张云
• 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛 266100

• 高会旺
• 1. 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛 266100;
  2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛 266100

• 张经
• 华东师范大学河口与海岸国家重点实验室,上海 200062

• 摘要：利用2006年11-12月、2007年2-3月、2008年5月和2008年6月在东海4个航次中采集的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和Anderson分级样品,分析了其中可溶性无机离子的浓度,探讨了东海气溶胶中水溶性组分的化学特征、季节变化、粒径分布及来源.结果表明,气溶胶总水溶性离子的浓度为13.5~95.3 μg · m^-3,平均为33.9 μg · m^-3,对颗粒物质量的贡献约为54%.水溶性离子中以SO₄^2-的质量浓度最高,Cl^-、Na⁺、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺的浓度次之,K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、PO₄^3-的浓度较低.海盐离子和二次离子(非海盐SO₄^2-(nss-SO₄^2-)、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺)对水溶性离子的贡献分别为38%和57%.离子平衡显示,东海气溶胶基本呈中性.总水溶性离子浓度在冬季较高,春、夏季较低,但水溶性离子对颗粒物质量的贡献在春季明显低于夏、冬季.气溶胶中Na⁺、Cl^-和Mg²⁺的浓度主要在3.3~7.0 μm粗粒子上出现峰值,Ca²⁺浓度在2.1~4.7 μm粗粒子上出现峰值,SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺、K⁺浓度在0.43~1.10 μm细粒子上出现峰值,NO₃^-的浓度峰值冬季出现在0.43~0.65 μm细粒子上,春、夏季出现在3.3~4.7 μm粗粒子上.因子分析结果表明,东海气溶胶中的化学组分主要受到人为污染源、海洋源和地表扬尘等3个因素的影响,其贡献率分别为53.6%、28.9%和7.3%.NO₃^- /nss-SO₄^2-为0.45±0.25,显示固定污染源比移动污染源对东海大气气溶胶的影响更显著.

• Abstract：Thirty-three total suspended particle samples (TSP) and seven size-segregated particle samples were collected over the East China Sea during the following periods: November to December, 2006, February to March, 2007, May 2008 and June 2008.Concentrations of particulate water-soluble, inorganic ions were measured to investigate their seasonal variations, size distributions and potential sources.The sum of the concentrations of the total particulate water-soluble inorganic ions in the TSP ranged from 13.5 to 93.5 μg · m^-3,with an average concentration of 33.9 μg · m^-3.The ions contributed to 54%, on average, of the TSP mass concentration.SO₄^2- was the dominant ion, followed by Cl^-, Na⁺, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ while K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and PO₄^3- yielded a minor contribution to the TSP mass concentration.Sea-salt ions and secondary ions (nss-SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺) contributed to 38% and 57%, on average, of the total mass concentration of water-soluble ions respectively.When the ion balance was analyzed, the observed aerosol particles appear to be typically neutralized.A distinctive seasonal variation of ion concentrations was exhibited with higher values in winter and lower in spring and summer.However, the fraction of the sum of all ions to the TSP mass concentration was evidently lower in spring than in winter and summer.As reported in the literature, the dominant mode of Na⁺, Cl^- and Mg²⁺ occurred at 3.3~7.0 μm while the dominant mode of Ca²⁺ shifted to a smaller size at 2.1~4.7 μm.However, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺, K⁺ overwhelmingly distributed at 0.43~1.10 μm fine particles.It is interesting that most NO₃^- existed in the 0.43~0.65 μm fine particles in winter, and it dominated in the coarse particles at 3.3~4.7 μm in spring and summer.The results of factor analysis indicated that anthropogenic, marine and crustal sources can explain 53.6%, 28.9% and 7.3% of the total variance in the aerosol samples, respectively.The averaged mass ratio of NO₃^- /nss-SO₄^2- was 0.45±0.25, suggesting that the contribution of stationary source emissions was more important than that of vehicle emissions in the atmospheric aerosols over the East China Sea.

• Key words：water-soluble ion  aerosol  the East China Sea  sea salt  secondary aerosol

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